PAIN Flashcards

1
Q

NOCICEPTIVE PAIN

A

Pain caused by non neurological sources

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2
Q

DEFINITION OF PAIN

A

Pain is defined as whatever the person that is experiencing it says it is , whenever he says it is

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3
Q

Concept of pain

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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4
Q

GATE THEORY

A

A fibers close the gate and prevent transmission to the brain
C fibers open the gate
Gate is in dorsal horn of spinal cord
Opioid receptors on the fibers

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5
Q

ACUTE PAIN

A
Sudden onset
Short lived
Sharp
Localized
Responds to treatment
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6
Q

CHRONIC PAIN

A

Dull
Recurrent
Harder to treat
Long lasting

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7
Q

PAIN THRESHOLD

A

Level of stimulus needed to produce perception of pain

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8
Q

PAIN TOLERANCE

A

Amount of pain a patient can endure without it interfering with normal function

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9
Q

POPULATIONS MOST AT RISK

A

Older adults

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10
Q

INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS

A

Chronic conditions
Acute or traumatic injury
Medical procedures
Breakthrough pain

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11
Q

BREAKTHROUGH PAIN

A

Pain flare

Patient is on long acting pain med and uses short acting drug for this pain

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12
Q

SIGNS OF PAIN

A
Sweating
Fast respiration
Restlessness
Crying
Guarding
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13
Q

ELEMENTS OF PAIN ASSESSMENT

A
Location
Intensity
Quality
Onset and duration
Relieving factors( what helps?)
Effect on quality of life
Goal
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14
Q

HIERACHY OF PAIN MEASURES

A
Self report
Patient condition
Observe behavioral signs
Evaluate physiological indicators
Analgesic trial
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15
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS FOR PAIN

A

Alternative

Drug therapy

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16
Q

ALTERNATIVE PAIN THERAPY

A
Positioning
Massage
Relaxation
Splinting
Thermal(hot or cold)
Yoga
Meditation
Tai chi
17
Q

CYP450 ENZYMES

A

Causes decreased metabolism of pain medications in some Caucasian’s and Asians

18
Q

INTRAVENOUS TYLENOL

A

Given 1 gram in 15 minute infusion.
No more than 4 grams in 24 hours
Many opioids have acetaminophen in them
MUCOMIST (acetocysteine) is used to counteract overdose orally

19
Q

NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF ANALGESICS

A

Perform thorough hx regarding allergies and other meds
Baseline vitals and I/O
Assess for potential interactions and respiratory depression
Monitor respiration rate( hold if under 10)
Increase fiber and fluids during therapy
Drowsiness and dizziness
Do not drive or operate machinery

20
Q

PATIENT TEACHING

A

Take med before pain is severe
Do not take with alcohol or CNS depressants
Less than 1% of hospitalized patients become addicted
Taper narcotics

21
Q

NON OPIOID PAIN RELIEVERS

A

Acetaminophen
Tramadol
NSAIDs

22
Q

TRAMADOL

A
Opioid synthetic
Inhibits reuptake of both norepinephrine and serotonin 
Non-narcotic
Controlled
Morphine-like
23
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

A

Monitor closely for overdose

Limit is 4000mg per 24 hours

24
Q

OPIOIDS

A

Morphine
Norco (hydrocodone)
Dilaudid (hydromorphone)
Oxycodone

25
Q

NARCAN

A

Naxalone
Used for opioid overdose
Opioid antagonist

26
Q

OPIOID NURSING IMPLICATIONS

A
Check vitals, allergies, respiratory function
I/O
Must have Narcan on hand
Increase fiber
Give before pain reaches maximum
Manage fall risk
Taper dose
May cause dependency