Pain

Question 1

Allodynia

Answer 1

Normal sensation is turned into a pain response.

Question 2

Hyperalgesia

Answer 2

More pain for an ordinarily painful stimulus.

Question 3

What are the characteristics of the three different pain fibres?

Answer 3

A and delta: Fast, sharp, acute, pricking localised pain/mechanical/thermal pain
C: slow pain, aching, throbbing/burning/chemical pain

Question 4

Where do opioids act to decrease neurotransmitter release?

Answer 4

Presynaptically

Question 5

what is the primary site of action of opioids?

Answer 5

The spinal cord

Question 6

Where do opioids act to hyperpolarise dorsal root neurons?

Answer 6

Post-synaptically

Question 7

Which part of the brain is stimulated in Deep Brain Stimulation for intractable pain?

Answer 7

Periaqueductal Grey

Question 8

Interaction with which area of the brain by the cardiovascular centre allows pain pathways to activate the CNS?

Answer 8

Periaqueductal Grey

- Can cause hyeprtension, tachycardia, vasoconstriction

Question 9

A polymorphism in which gene is associated with an increased incidence of chronic pain?

Answer 9

“Stargazer gene”

CACNG2

Question 10

Which nerves are blocked in an epidural?

Answer 10

L3-4

Question 11

What is meant by the phrase ‘Spinal cord integration’ when it comes to pain?

Answer 11

A rapidly conducting feedback loop between ascending and descending pathways, that can dampen incoming signals from nociceptors.