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INTERNAL MEDICINE > PAIN > Flashcards

PAIN Flashcards

1
Q

Old French name of pain?

A

peine

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2
Q

Latin name of pain?

A

poena, “punishment, penalty”

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3
Q

Greek name of pain?

A

Greek “ποινη” (poine), generally “price paid,” “penalty, ” “punishment.”

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4
Q

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

A

PAIN

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5
Q

It is both a sensation and an emotion as it is accompanied by anxiety and the urge to escape or terminate the feeling.

A

PAIN

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6
Q

The ability to experience pain is essential for ??

A

protection from injury.

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7
Q

Insensitivity to pain is associated ?

A

with risk of tissue damage due to undiscovered injury.

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8
Q

The International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that

A

Relief from pain should be recognized as a human rightChronic pain should be considered a disease in its own rightPain medicine should have the full status of a specialty

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9
Q

fivers that transmit pain impulses?

A

A-delta (Aδ)and C fibers

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10
Q

fibers transmit light touch ?

A

A-beta (Aβ)

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11
Q

A peripheral nerve consists of the axons of three different types of neurons:

A

primary sensory afferents, motor neurons, and sympa- thetic postganglionic neurons

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12
Q

The cell bodies of pri- mary sensory afferents are located in the?

A

dorsal root ganglia in the vertebral foramina

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13
Q

primary afferent axon has two branches:

A

one projects centrally into the spinal cord and the other projects peripherally to innervate tissues

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14
Q

The largest-diameter afferent fibbers?

A

A-beta (Aβ),

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15
Q

respond maximally to light touch and/or moving stimuli; they are present primarily in nerves that innervate the skin

A

A-beta (Aβ),

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16
Q

In normal individuals, the activity of these fibers does not produce pain

A

A-beta (Aβ),

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17
Q

he small-diameter myelinated

A

A-delta (Aδ)

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18
Q

unmyelinated axons

A

(C fiber)

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19
Q

primary afferent nociceptors (pain receptors

A

(C fiber) , A-delta (Aδ)

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20
Q

is a non-associative learning process in which repeated administrations of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response

A

Sensitization

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21
Q

Inflammatory mediators?

A

bradyki- nin, nerve-growth factor, some prostaglandins, and leukotrienes

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22
Q

Sensitization occurs at the level of the peripheral nerve terminal

A

(peripheral sen- sitization)

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23
Q

Sensitization at the level of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

A

(central sensitization).

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24
Q

Peripheral sensitization occurs in?

A

damaged or inflamed tissues

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25
Q

generated by nociceptors during inflammation, enhances the excitability of nerve cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

A

(central sensitization).

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26
Q

increased pain intensity in response to the same noxious stimulus; e.g. moderate pressure causes severe pain?

A

hyperalgesia

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27
Q

are normally relatively insensitive to nox- ious mechanical and thermal stimuli?

A

Viscera

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28
Q

Aδ and C fiber afferents innervating vis- cera are completely insensitive in normal , However, in the presence of inflammatory mediators, these afferents become sensitive to mechanical stimuli

A

silent nociceptors

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29
Q

It is a potent vasodilator, degranulates mast cells, is a chemoattractant for leukocytes, and increases the production and release of inflammatory mediators

A

substance P, an 11-amino-acid peptide

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30
Q

spinal neurons are most often activated by inputs from the?

A

skin

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31
Q

spatial displacement of pain sensation from the site of the injury that produces it is known as?

A

referred pain.

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32
Q

Five categories: Classification of Pain

A

Duration and severityAnatomical locationBody system involvedCauseTemporal characteristics

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33
Q

pain that is of recent onset and resolves quickly

A

Acute

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34
Q

pain that lasts a long time; pain that extends beyond the expected period do healing

A

Chronic

35
Q

pathways for pain?

A

ALST

36
Q

The suggestion that pain will worsen following administration of an inert substance can increase its perceived intensity

A

the nocebo effect).

37
Q

because of opiod receptor in the pathway, some may experience diminish pain by?

A

Pain Modulation

38
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Needle prick, venipuncture (seconds)

A

ACUTE PAIN

39
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONICFinger trapped on a car door when it is closed (seconds to minutes)

A

ACUTE PAIN

40
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Migraine (minutes to hours)

A

ACUTE PAIN

41
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Angina pectoris (seconds to minutes)

A

ACUTE PAIN

42
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC? Labor pains (hours)

A

ACUTE PAIN

43
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Dysmenorrhea (days)

A

ACUTE PAIN

44
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Postoperative pain (days)

A

ACUTE PAIN

45
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Osteoarthritis

A

CHRONIC PAIN

46
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Headache from a brain tumor

A

CHRONIC PAIN

47
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Frozen shoulder / adhesive capsulitis

A

CHRONIC PAIN

48
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Diabetic neuropathy

A

CHRONIC PAIN

49
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Cancer pain

A

CHRONIC PAIN

50
Q

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Postherpetic neuralgia

A

CHRONIC PAIN

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?Subjective perception of pain is the same from person to person, and within the same person depending on the context

A

FALSE Subjective perception of pain is different from person to person, and within the same person depending on the context

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?A person’s self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health professionals tending to underestimate severity.

A

TRUEA person’s self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health professionals tending to underestimate severity.

53
Q

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage what kind of headache?

A

“thunderclap” headache“Worst headache of your life”

54
Q

In nonverbal patients : what do you Observe for specific behaviours about pain?

A

GrimacingGuardingCrying – babies feel pain but lack the language to report it

55
Q

pain arising from a perturbation of the body

A

Somatogenic

56
Q

– pain arising from a perturbation of the mind

A

Psychogenic

57
Q

Diagnosis usually made when all physical / organic causes have been ruled out

A

Psychogenic

58
Q

due to stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond only to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (TYPE OF SOMATOGENIC PAIN?)

A

Nociceptive

59
Q

caused by damage or disease affecting the nervous system(TYPE OF SOMATOGENIC PAIN?)

A

Neuropathic

60
Q

Examples of Thermal Nociceptive Pain

A

FrostbiteFirst degree and second degree burnsSipping a hot cup of Starbucks coffeeHolding a piece of dry iceA baby placed in a container with boiling water

61
Q

Examples of Mechanical Nociceptive Pain

A

FractureA bump on the headA liver abscess distending the Glisson’s capsuleAn open woundDog bite

62
Q

Examples of Chemical Nociceptive Pain

A

Alcohol on an open woundAcid thrown on the faceMuriatic acid ingestion

63
Q

involves the skin (superficial), joints, muscles, tendon and ligaments (deep)usually sharp, well-defined and easy to localize

A

Somatic pain

64
Q

usually dull, vague and difficult to localizeInvolves the internal organs

A

Visceral pain

65
Q

nociception from a visceral organ is sensed to be coming from an area distant from the site of the stimulus

A

Referred pain

66
Q

pain perceived to be from a part of the body that has been lost or from which the brain no longer receives signals

A

Phantom Pain

67
Q

A type of neuropathic pain

A

Phantom Pain

68
Q

A common experience of amputees

A

Phantom Pain

69
Q

Local anaesthetic injection into the nerves of the stump may relieve the pain

A

Phantom Pain

70
Q

Excitement of sport causes?

A

Episodic Analgesia

71
Q

During war causes what to pain?

A

Episodic Analgesia

72
Q

typically has an unusual burning, tingling, or electric shock–like quality and may be triggered by very light touch

A

Neuropathic pain

73
Q

a greatly exaggerated pain sensation to innocuous or mild nociceptive stimuli

A

Hyperpathia

74
Q

Hyperpathia also characteristic of what kind of pain?

A

neuropathic pain

75
Q

very lightest moving stimulus evokes exquisite pain

A

allodynia

76
Q

Damaged primary afferent nociceptors acquire adrenergic sensitivity and can be activated by stimulation of the sympathetic outflow. This constellation of spontaneous pain and signs of sympathetic dysfunction following injury has been termed

A

complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

77
Q

(CRPS)

A

complex regional pain syndrome (

78
Q

(CRPS). When this occurs after an identifiable nerve injury, it is termed

A

CRPS type II

79
Q

CRPS type II (also known as

A

posttraumatic neuralgia or, if severe, causalgia).

80
Q

what kind of (CRPS) with clinical picture appears without obvious nerve injury, it is termed ?

A

CRPS type I

81
Q

CRPS type I (also known as

A

reflex sympathetic dystrophy

82
Q

the most com- mon emotional disturbance in patients with chronic pain,

A

depression

83
Q

useful screening device for depression?

A

Beck Depression Inventory

INTERNAL MEDICINE (3 decks)

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