Pain

Question 1

regarding the lateral spinothalamic tract of pain:

the 1st order cell bodies are in the

Answer 1

dorsal root ganglia

Question 2

regarding the lateral spinothalamic tract of pain:

the 3rd order cell body axons in the VPL project to the

Answer 2

postcentral gyrus

Question 3

regarding the lateral spinothalamic tract of pain:

the 2nd order cell bodies are in the

Answer 3

dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 4

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts
of pain:

the 3rd order cell bodies for the spinomesencephalic pathway send pain signals to the

Answer 4

periaqueductal gray

Question 5

When nociception input reaches the cortex

it _________ activation in other brain areas

Answer 5

initiates

Question 6

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts
of pain:

the 2nd order cell bodies are in the

Answer 6

dorsal horn of spinal cord

Question 7

Regarding peception:

Sensory cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, amygdala, thalamus, & prefrontal cortex important for ______ of pain

Answer 7

perception

Question 8

What results in the potential of the site of pain being different than the source of the pain

Answer 8

Convergence

Question 9

regarding the lateral spinothalamic tract of pain:

the 2nd order cell body axons project __________ through ___________ commissure

Answer 9

contralaterally ; anterior / ventral white

Question 10

What occurs due to multiple 1st order neurons (often from various sources) converging on a smaller number of 2nd order neurons

Answer 10

Convergence

Question 11

Regarding the gate control theory:

When pain occurs, small _______ entering the ____ horn of the spinal cord INACTIVATE the ______ neuron

Answer 11

c-fibers ; dorsal ; inhibitory

Question 12

the process by which noxious stimuli leads to an electrical activity

Answer 12

transduction

Question 13

What phase is associated with suffering & pain behavior

Answer 13

perception

Question 14

Ability of the CNS to control pain-transmitting neurons

Answer 14

modulation

Question 15

Regarding the descending inhibitory pathway of modulation:

Both the periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla contain high concentration of _______ receptors & ________ receptors

Answer 15

opioid ; endogenous

Question 16

the ventral trigeminothalamic tract for pain transmission is involved in

Answer 16

Conscious perception of pain from the head

Question 17

regarding the lateral spinothalamic tract of pain:

the axons of the 2nd order cell bodies project contralaterally and then ASCEND in the

Answer 17

lateral funiculus

Question 18

What 2 things play key roles in modulating and inhibiting pain signals in the descending inhibitory pathway

Answer 18

periaqueductal gray

rostral ventromedial medulla

Question 19

Regarding the descending inhibitory pathway of modulation:

Higher brain centers communicate to the periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla & the ________

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts
of pain:

the 1st order cell bodies are in the

Answer 20

dorsal root (spinal) ganglia

Question 21

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts
of pain:

there is a _____ pathway to transmit pain signals

Answer 21

indirect

Question 22

Neural events that carry nociceptive input into the CNS

Answer 22

transmission

Question 23

what are the 2 methods of modulation

Answer 23

descending inhibitory pathway

gate control theory

Question 24

Which method of modulation?

Process of inhibiting pain at the spinal cord level

Answer 24

gate control theory

Question 25

________ & _______ cortex are also part of the “fear” network Conflict monitoring & anticipatory processing

Answer 25

Insula ; cingulate

Question 26

Regarding the gate control theory: Normal non-pain pathway (no nociceptive input) has A-beta fiber (touch sensations) activates both the ______ neuron & continues along _____ pathway (higher brain areas)

Answer 26

inhibitory ; ascending

Question 27

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts of pain: the 2nd order cell body axons project _________ to the ________ commissure

Answer 27

contralaterally ; anterior/ventral white

Question 28

the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts for pain transmission is involved in _____________ of pain and the _________ pathway

Answer 28

emotional processing ; descending inhibitory

Question 29

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts of pain: the 3rd order cell bodies for the spinoreticular pathway send pain signals to the

Answer 29

reticular formation

Question 30

thermal, mechanical, and chemical are types of

Answer 30

transduction

Question 31

Many of the same areas involved with pain processing are also involved in _______

Answer 31

anxiety

Question 32

Regarding the descending inhibitory pathway of modulation: Axons from the periaqueductal gray & rostral ventromedial medulla project to the _________ or _________ to suppress their signaling

Answer 32

dorsal horn ; spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 33

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts of pain: the periaqueductal gray is involved in ______ , ________, & _________ aspects of pain

Answer 33

autonomic, reflexive, & emotional

Question 34

what transduction nerve fibers deal with fast/acute pain like when you touch something hot

Answer 34

Myelinated A delta

Question 35

regarding the lateral spinothalamic tract of pain: there is a _____ pathway from the _______ fibers to transmit _____ signals

Answer 35

direct ; A delta ; fast

Question 36

the lateral spinothalamic tract for pain transmission is involved in

Answer 36

Conscious perception of pain from the body

Question 37

Regarding the gate control theory: Normal non-pain pathway (no nociceptive input) The activation of the inhibitory neuron keeps any “normal” level nociception from traveling up the ____ & thus prevents perception of ____

Answer 37

CNS ; pain

Question 38

Which method of modulation is this? Descending pathways from higher brain centers project to lower brain areas & spinal cord to inhibit pain transmission

Answer 38

descending inhibitory pathway

Question 39

what transduction nerve fibers deal with slow pain like a dull ache

Answer 39

unmyelinated C

Question 40

What is pain that occurs in a different part of the body from the injured or diseased area that can occur in the face, jaw, and teeth

Answer 40

Heterotopic pain

Question 41

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts of pain: the 3rd order cell bodies in the spinomesencephalic pathway axons project to what 2 places

Answer 41

rostal ventral medullary reticular formation limbic system

Question 42

regarding the lateral spinothalamic tract of pain: the 3rd order cell bodies are in the

Answer 42

VPL

Question 43

regarding the spinoreticular & spinomesencephalic tracts of pain: the 2nd order cell body axons project contralaterally and then ascend in the

Answer 43

lateral funiculus

Question 44

What occurs when nociception input reaches the cortex

Answer 44

perception

Question 45

Regarding the gate control theory: When pain occurs and the inhibitory neuron is inactivated, what happens to the gate? The signaling pathway goes to where?

Answer 45

It opens ; to the upper level brain areas

Question 46

what are the sensory receptors that detect pain for transduction

Answer 46

free nerve endings