Pain Flashcards
What are 4 reasons of why we feel pain
Warning
Something is wrong
Avoid further injury
Protects the injured area via muscle spasm or guarding
What are the 5 types of pain
acute
chronic
referred
radiating
deep somatic
Name 5 assessment tools for pain
visual analogue scales
pain charts
McGill pain questionnaire
Activity pattern indicators Pain profile
Numeric Pain Scale
What are the goals in managing pain
control & reduce pain
Protect patient from further injury
Encourage healing process
What is accomodation
Decline in generator potential and the reduction of frequency that occur with:
- prolonged stimulus or frequently repeated stimulus
Name some cognitive influences on how we perceive pain
anxiety
attention
depression
past pain experiences
cultural influences
personality
motivation to play aggression
anger
fear
Modulation of perceived pain via mental processes:
behavior modification
excitement of the moment
happiness
positive feelings
focusing
hypnosis
What are the 4 types of sensory receptors
mechanoreceptors (pressure)
nociceptors (pain)
proprioceptors (tension)
thermoreceptors (temperature change)
First order (primary afferent) transmit impulses from ____ _____ to ______ ______ of _____ ____
sensory receptor; dorsal horn; spinal cord
What are the 4 types of first order neurons
A-alpha
A-beta
A-delta
C fibers
A-alpha and A-beta = ____ diameter and ____ conduction velocity
large; fast
A-delta and C fibers = ____ diameter and ____ conduction velocity
small; slow
Second order afferents carry sensory message from _____ ____ to _____
dorsal horn; brain
secondary order afferents are characterized as:
Wide dynamic range OR nociceptive specific
