Contraindications

Question 1

General contraindications

Answer 1

• pathological changes due to neoplasm, inflammation, infections, or osteopenia
• Active collagen vascular disorders
• Massive degenerative changes
• Loss of skeletal or ligamentous stability
• Certain congenital anomalies
• Anomalies or pathological changes in vessels
• Coagulation problems
• Dermatological problems aggravated by skin contact or open/healing skin lesions

Question 2

Grade 1 and Grade 2 (SZ)

Answer 2

• Seldom Contraindicated

Question 3

Grade 2 (TZ) and Grade 3

Answer 3

• Decreased joint play with a hard, nonelastic end-feel (hypomobile)
• Increased joint play with a very soft, elastic end-feel
• Pain and protective muscle spasm
• Positive screening tests

Question 4

PNF

Answer 4

• osteoporosis
• fractures
  Cautions:
• Hypermobility
  Hypomobility

Question 5

TENS

Answer 5

• An implanted pacemaker
• History of heart disease
• Do not treat the transthoracic area
• Discontinue if skin irritation occurs

Question 6

IFC

Answer 6

• Implanted pacemaker
• History of heart disease
• Do not treat transthoracic area
• discontinue if skin irritation develops

Question 7

NMES

Answer 7

• person with a pacemaker
• over the heart or brain
• over recent or non-union fractures
• over potential malignancies

Question 8

NMES cautions

Answer 8

• impaired sensation
• skin lesions (cuts, abrasions, new skin, recent or scar tissue)
• decreased ROM
• extensive torn tissue

Question 9

Therapeutic Ultrasound

Answer 9

• active epiphyseal regions
• acute and post-acute conditions (thermal effects)
• acute infection
  areas of decreased temperature sensation
  areas of decreased circulation / vascular insufficiency/ severely ischemic tissue / venous thrombosis
• eyes
• fractures
• malignancy
• Near organs / spinal cord
• osteoporosis

Question 10

Cryotherapy

Answer 10

• cold applied to area with decreases sensation
• hypersensitivity to cold
• Pts who dislike cold & cannot be convinced of benefits
• Raynaud’s disease
• vascular disease
• Peripheral nerve injuries

Question 11

Thermotherapy

Answer 11

• Heat applied to area with decreased sensation
• Applied immediately after injury
• applied with decreased arterial circulation
• applied directly over eyes, genitals
• applied near abdomen during pregnancy
• applied to acutely inflamed area