Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action for paracetamol?

A

Not very clear but thought to inhibit Peoxidase enzyme needed to make prostaglandin from arachidonic acid

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2
Q

How does an overdose of paracetamol present?

A

Liver damage
Nausea and vomiting
Right sub costal pain after 24hr can indicate hepatic necrosis

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3
Q

Is paracetamol anti-inflammatory?

A

No

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4
Q

What is the action mechanism of opioids?
What is an example of a weak and strong opioid?

A

Activates the opioid receptor on cells causing increased tolerance to pain (by acting as a cell depressor)
Weak- codeine
Strong- morphine

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5
Q

What are the side effects of opioids?
How will an overdose present?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation- due to opioid receptor causing hypomotility in gut
OVERDOSE: respiratory depressions

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6
Q

What is the action mechanism of co-amoxiclav?

A

It’s a penicillin so it binds to the bacterial penicillin binding proteins and inhibits transpeptidation and therefore inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

What is the action mechanism of lactulose?

A

As it’s a disaccharide, it reaches the larger bowel unchanged causing water retention via osmosis and therefore stool easier to pass.
Also if it gets metabolised by colonic bacteria it can have a laxative effect

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8
Q

Why is lactulose sometimes given alongside opioids?

A

Constipation is a very common side effect of opioids
But takes 8-12hr or even 2 days to improve constipation

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