pain. Flashcards
describe pain
- every child has own perception of pain
- unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
management of pain involves…
- age appropriate assessment of pain
- selecting and implementing an appropriate method to relieve pain
- evaluating effectivness of intervention
describe acute pain
- sudden, shrt duration caused by a single event
- can also be an exacerbation of a chronic condition
- examples include surgery/injury and sickle cell crisis
describe chronic pain
- lasting longer than 3 months, persistent
- lasts beyond the normal healing time
- can be disruptive to daily function
- affects entire CNS -> increased responsiveness to both painful and painless stimuli
- examples include juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cancer, neuropathic pain (abnormal processing of pain by peripheral or CNS)
a child’s response to pain can be influenced by…
- maturation of nervous system
- developmental stage
- cognitive level
- temperment
- family/culture
- situational factors
- previous pain experience
these things may increase or decrease the intensity of the pain perceived
true or bullshit
neonates and infants do not feel pain
bullshit
true or bullshit
children do no feel pain with the same intensity as adults
bullshit
true or bullshit
infants are incapable of expressing pain
bullshit
true or bullshit
infants and children remember pain
true
true or bullshit
parents may exaggerate their child’s pain
bullshit
true or bullshit
children are not in pain if they can be distracted or are sleeping
bullshit
true or bullshit
repeated experience with pain teaches the child to be more tolerant of pain and cope better
bullshit
true or bullshit
children do not recover more quickly than adults from painful experiences such as surgery
true
true or bullshit
children wont tell if they are in pain and need medication even if they do not appear to be in pain
true
true or bullshit
children without obvious physical reasons for pain are not likely in pain
bullshit
true or bullshit
children are at risk for addiction
bullshit
can have physical dependence but not really addiction
true or bullshit
culture does not affect pain response in children
bullshit
what are some common pain states that children may experience?
- painful and invasive procedures: procedrual sedation and analgesia
- post op pain: associated with surgery, controlled with a combo of meds
- burn pain: multiple compenents, difficult and challenging to control
- recurrent headaches: tension, dental braces, weakness of eye muscles, sinusitis, epilepsy, sleep apnea, injury
- recurrent abdominal pain: common in children
what are some respiratory consequences of unrelieved pain
- shallow breathing
- inadequate lung expansion
- poor cough
- potential for pneumonia
what are some neurologic consequences of unrelieved pain
- increases SNS activity and release of catecholamines
- tachycardia
- hypertension
- change in sleep (more or less)
what are some metabolic consequences of unrelieved pain
- increased metabolic rate = perspiration
- increased cortisol and blood glucose
what are some immune consequences of unrelieved pain
- depression of immune system and anti inflammatory response
- causes increased risk of infection/delayed wound healing
what are some GI consequences of unrelieved pain
- delayed return of GI function
- anorexia, poor nutritional intake
- ileus