Pain

Question 1

Classification of pain

Answer 1

Nociceptive pain: damage of somatic or visceral tissue due to trauma or inflammation. Ex: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout
Sensory Hypersensitivty
Neuropathic pain

Question 2

Pain threshold?
Pain tolerance?

Answer 2

Pain threshold: point at which a stimulus is perceived as painful
Pain tolerance: amount of pain a patient can tolerate

Question 3

What effects pain tolerance

Answer 3

Decrease= fatigue, sleep deprivation, anxiety
Increase= alcohol, hypnosis, beliefs

Question 4

What is the pain pathway

Answer 4

1- transduction= nociceptors, TRP Channels
2-transmission= alpha, C fibers
3-modulation= brainstem
4-perception= thalamus, somatosensory cortex

Question 5

What are the types of nociceptors

Answer 5

Meissners
Pacinian
Merkels
Ruffini
Hair and nerve fibers
Free nerve endings

Question 6

TRP channels

Answer 6

Initiating electrical impulses
Located at the end of the free nerve endings

Question 7

A-delta fiber

Answer 7

Myelin
Fast pain pathway
Glutamate release when comes into the second order neuron
Mechanical and thermal receptors transmitted

Question 8

C fiber

Answer 8

No myelin
Slow pain pathway
Substance P release when reaches to second order neuron
Signals from polymodal receptors

Question 9

2 pain transmission pathways for location intensity quality

Answer 9

1- spinothalamic pathway
2- trigeminal pathway

Question 10

Localization of pain

Answer 10

Somatosensory cortex

Question 11

Nociceptive inhibition

Answer 11

1- exogenous opioid binds to the opiate receptors on the Nociceptive receptor

2- enkephalin(descending impulse from the brain, another neuron binds and releases) binds to opiate receptors