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Physiology > Body Temperature And Its Regulation > Flashcards

Body Temperature And Its Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Conduction

A

Heat exchange between objects or substances at different temperatures that are in contact with one another

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2
Q

Convection

A

Movement of molecules away from the area of contact

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3
Q

Rate of heat loss is determined by 2 factors

A

Transfer of heat from core to skin
Transfer of heat from skin to surroundings

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4
Q

When warm blood goes into the skin

A

When the cutaneous vessels are dilated

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5
Q

When does heat is held centrally in the body

A

In the vasoconstricted state

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6
Q

The reflex responses activated by cold are controlled from

A

Posterior hypothalamus

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7
Q

The activated by warmth are controlled primarily from

A

Anterior hypothalamus

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8
Q

Threshold for sweating and vasodilation

A

37 Celsius

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9
Q

Threshold for vasoconstriction

A

36.8 Celsius

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10
Q

Threshold for non shivering thermogenesis

A

36 Celsius

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11
Q

Threshold for shivering

A

35.5 Celsius

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12
Q

High rate of skin flow causes heat to be conducted from

A

Core of the body to the skin with great efficiency

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13
Q

Reduction in the rate of skin flow can decrease the heat conduction from

A

Core to very little

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14
Q

When does the effectiveness of clothing in maintaining body temperature is almost lost

A

When clothes becomes wet bc high conductivity of water increases the rate of heat transmission through cloth 20-fold or more

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15
Q

Stimulation of which area causes sweating

A

Anterior hypothalamus-Preoptic area

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16
Q

How does the stimulation impulses of the sweating in the autonomic pathways carried

A

Through the cholinergic sympathetic fibers

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17
Q

Which hormones can stimulate sweating

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

18
Q

Degree of reabsorption of most of the sodium and chloride ions depends on

A

Rate of sweating

19
Q

1 L of O2 burns how many calories

A

5 kcal

20
Q

What happens if skin temperature is greater than the temperature of the surroundings

A

Heat can be lost by radiation and conduction

21
Q

What happens when temperature of the surroundings greater than that of the skin

A

Body gains heat by both radiation and conduction

22
Q

Thermoregulatory center

A

Hypothalamus —> anterior hypothalamic Preoptic area

23
Q

Heat sensitive neurons increase discharges as the body temp

A

Rises

24
Q

Cold sensitive neurons increase discharges as the body temp

A

Falls

25
Q

2 types of temperature receptors

A

Cold receptors
Warmth receptors

26
Q

Among cold and warmth receptors which one is found more in the body

A

Cold (x10) > warmth

27
Q

The reflex responses activated by cold are controlled from the

A

Posterior hypothalamus

28
Q

When the skin is chilled over the entire body what happens

A

Piloerection
Inhibition of sweating
Hunger
Increased voluntary activity
Increase in the rate of body heat production
Promoting skin vasoconstriction

29
Q

What happens when body temp becomes too great

A

Vasodilation of skin BV
Decreased appetite
Sweating
Increased respiration
Decrease in the rate of body heat production

30
Q

Fever is caused by what

A

Release of cytokines —> IL-1
Induction of the formation of PGE2

31
Q

Symptoms of head stroke

A

Dizziness
Vomiting
Loss of consciousness

32
Q

Set point increases as the skin temperature ?

A

Decreases

33
Q

When the skin temp was high sweating began at

A

Lower hypothalamic temp than when the skin temp was low

34
Q

Sweating is inhibited when

A

Skin temp is low

35
Q

Who can cause the set point of the hypothalamic thermostat to rise

A

Many proteins
Breakdown products of proteins
Lipopolysaccharide toxins released from bacterial cell membranes

36
Q

Pyrogens

A

Subs that cause the set point of the hypothalamic thermostat to rise

37
Q

Who causes fever

A

Pyrogens release from toxic bacteria or those released from degenerating body tissues

38
Q

Benefits of fever

A

Inhibiton of the growth of many microorganisms
Ab production is high

39
Q

When does temperature regulation becomes impaired?

A

Body temp< 35 Celsius

40
Q

When does temperature regulation is lost

A

Body temp< 28 celcius

41
Q

Artificial hypothermia

A

Blood pressure is low
Bleeding is minimal
Metabolism is slow
Heart rate is slow

Physiology (3 decks)

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