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Quick Facts > page 41-50 > Flashcards

page 41-50 Flashcards

1
Q

Neomycin Sulfate

What is it?

A

Aminoglycoside

-reduces the amount of bacteria in the colon

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2
Q

Neomycin Sulfate

Why does this matter?

A

It’s given for the GI tract before surgery.

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3
Q

Neomycin Sulfate

How is it used in clients with hepatic encephalopathy?

A

It is used to treat this disease when ammonia levels are elevated in the liver.

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4
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

When does this syndrome occur?

A

It could occur any time a client is on anti-psychotic medication, most commonly when treatment begins or doses increased.

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5
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

What are the signs of N.M.S?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • EXTREME FEVER
  • altered LOC
  • seizures
  • muscle rigidity
  • ELEVATED LAB VALUES (WBC/LFT) liver function test
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6
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

What is the treatment?

A

Discontinue the medication.
Initiate safety & seizure precautions.
Give antipyretics to reduce fever.

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7
Q

NG Tube

What position should the client be in during NG Tube placement?

A

High Fowler’s with head tilted forward

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8
Q

NG Tube

The NG Tube goes from ____ to ____.

A

Nose to stomach

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9
Q

NG Tube

What is a Salem sump?

A

Double lumen of NG tube used to decompress the stomach

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10
Q

NG Tube

What are the measuring points for determining the length if insertion?

A

Nose to earlobe to xiphoid process

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11
Q

NG Tube

If the client starts to gag during placement should you continue the procedure?

A

YES, wait until client stops gagging/coughing, then continue to advance, offer water to help the tube go down.

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12
Q

NG Tube

What should be done before using the NG Tube for the first time?

A

X-ray, aspirate for gastric content (pH should be <4)

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13
Q

NG Tube

If the NG Tube is to suction, should you turn off the suction when medications are given PO?

A

Yes, for at least 30 mins

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14
Q

NG Tube

If a client vomits during the procedure should you keep going with the NG Tube?

A

Yes, wait for a few minutes then proceed.

Let the client know that they will feel better once the NG tube is in place.

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15
Q

Nitroglycerin

What is the action?

A

Systemic/coronary vasodilation

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16
Q

Nitroglycerin

What conditions are treated by nitroglycerin?

A

Angina, BP, CHF

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17
Q

Nitroglycerin

If nitroglycerin is given sublingually for angina pain and it is not relieved, what should you do?

A

Give an additional tablet in 5 mins.

You can give up to 3 tablets over 15 mins activate EMS after 1st dose.

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18
Q

Nitroglycerin

If nitroglycerin is given sublingually & the client complains of a stinging sensation, is that normal?

A

Yes, it means the tablet is fresh.

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19
Q

Nitroglycerin

What is the number one complaint when taking nitroglycerin?

A

Headache

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20
Q

Nitroglycerin

What are the common side effects?

A
  • Hypotension
  • TACHYCARDIA
  • dizziness
  • syncope
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21
Q

Nitroglycerin

If a client has on a transdermal ointment or nitroglycerin patch, should you rotate sites during application?

A

Yes, to prevent skin irritation

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22
Q

Nitroglycerin

DO NOT PLACE a nitroglycerin patch over a _______.

A

P a c e m a k e r

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23
Q

Nitroglycerin

You should take off the client’s nitroglycerin patch before having a _____ scan.

A

M R I

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24
Q

Nitroglycerin

Should a client take nitroglycerin prophylactically before sex?

A

Yes, to prevent chest pain

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25
Q

Nitroglycerin

If your male client is taking Viagra (Sildefanil), what should you tell him?

A

DON’T TAKE WITH NITROGLYCERIN

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26
Q

Nitroglycerin

IV Nitroglycerin & all IV dysrhythmics should be placed on an ______.

A

Infusion pump

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27
Q

Nitroglycerin

What is verapamil used for?

A

Blood pressure & angina

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28
Q

NSAIDs

What does it stand for?

A

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

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29
Q

NSAIDs

What type of drugs are they?

A

Aspirin & Aspirin-like drugs

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30
Q

NSAIDs

What do they do?

A

Reduce pain & body temperature & inhibit platelet aggregation

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31
Q

NSAIDs

Clients should take NSAIDs with a full glass of ______ or _____ to prevent stomach irritation.

A

Water, milk

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32
Q

NSAIDs

Aspirin toxicity will cause _____ in the ears.

A

Tinnitus

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33
Q

NSAIDs

Teach clients to avoid ____ when taking NSAIDs to decrease stomach irritation.

A

Alcohol

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34
Q

NSAIDs

NSAIDs increase/decrease bleeding potential.

A

INCREASE

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35
Q

NSAIDs

How soon should a client stop taking NSAIDs before having surgery?

A

1 week

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36
Q

NSAIDs

Kids shouldn’t take NSAIDs when they have flu-like symptoms due to the risk of?

A

Reye’s syndrome

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37
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐀.𝐃.𝐏.𝐈.𝐄
for the Nursing Process

A 
𝐀ssessment
𝐃iagnosis
𝐏lanning
𝐈ntervention
𝐄valuation
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38
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐇.𝐄.𝐋.𝐋.𝐏
for Pre-eclampsia Syndrome (Severe)

A 
𝐇emolysis
𝐄levated 
𝐋iver
𝐋ow 
𝐏latelet count
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39
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐋.𝐈.𝐎.𝐍
for Maternal Fetal Distress

A

𝐋eft side
𝐈nitiate Fluids
𝐎xygen via Face Mask
𝐍otify the doctor

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40
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐏.𝐀.𝐋.𝐒.𝐘
for Cerebral Palsy Features

A

𝐏aresis *refers to a condition in which muscle movement has become weakened or impaired

𝐀taxia *describes a lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements, such as walking or picking up objects

𝐋agging motor development
𝐒pasticity
𝐘oung

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41
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐒.𝐌.𝐀.𝐑.𝐓
for Parkinson’s Disease

A 
𝐒huffling gait
𝐌ask-like face
𝐀kinesia
𝐑igidity
𝐓remor
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42
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐀.𝐒.𝐓.𝐇.𝐌.𝐀
for Asthma

A 
𝐀drenergics (Beta 2 Agonists Albuterol)
𝐒teroids
𝐓heophylline
𝐇ydration (IV)
𝐌ask O2
𝐀nticholinergics
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43
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

'’𝐈t’s 𝐍ot 𝐌y 𝐓ime’’
Pre-term Labor Drugs

A

𝐈ndomethacin (NSAID)
𝐍ifedipine (CCB)
Magnesium Sulfate
𝐓erbutaline

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44
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐌.𝐎.𝐍.𝐀
for (MI) Medications

A

𝐌orphine
𝐎xygen
𝐍itrogen
𝐀spirin

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45
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐑.𝐍 (𝐑 then 𝐍)
for Drawing Mixed Insulins

A

Air into NPH
AIr into Regular
Draw up 𝐑egular, then
draw up 𝐍PH

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46
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

𝐒.𝐓.𝐑.𝐈.𝐏.𝐄
TB medications

A 
𝐒𝐓reptomyciin
𝐑ifampin
𝐈soniazid
𝐏yrazinamide
𝐄thambutol
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47
Q

Nursing Mnemonics

To describe fetal heart rates, remember:

VEAL CHOP

A

Variable = Cord Compression
Early Deceleration = Head Compression
Accelerations = Oxygenation is OK
Late Decelerations = Placental Insufficiency (bad sign)

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48
Q

Organ Donation

What do you need to know?

A

Best with living donor, matched by blood &tissue, must be in writing, and can be changed before removal

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49
Q

Organ Donation

Can a nurse approach client or family about donation

A

NO, only authorized representative

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50
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

What is it?

A

Systolic or diastolic BP drops more than 10 mm Hg & HR increases by 10-20 when client changes position (lying, sitting, standing)

BP down HR UP

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51
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

How will client feel?

A

Dizzy, light-headed, unsteady

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52
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

How to assess for orthostatic hypotension?

A

Check BP while client is lying down, sitting up, & standing.

Wait 5 minutes between measurements.

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53
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

What is the treatment?

A

IV fluids for volume replacement

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54
Q

Osteoarthritis

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Degenerative disease of the joints

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55
Q

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the ____ form of arthritis seen in the elderly.

A

NUMBER ONE

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56
Q

Osteoarthritis

Which joints in the body are most affected?

A

Weight-bearing joints

knees, hips, fingers, back

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57
Q

Osteoarthritis

What are the signs/symptoms of Osteoarthritis?

A

Limited joint mobility, joint pain, joint stiffness

58
Q

Osteoarthritis

Is the pain from Osteoarthritis relieved by activity or rest?

A

Rest

59
Q

Osteoarthritis

Hard nodes will develop on the joints of the fingers, creating deformities. What is this called?

A

Heberden’s nodes

60
Q

Osteoarthritis

What is the primary medication given for pain?

A

NSAIDs

61
Q

Osteoarthritis

_____ may be injected into the joints to treat Osteoarthritis.

A

Corticosteroids

62
Q

Osteoarthritis

What surgery may be required?

A

Hip/Knee replacements

63
Q

Otitis Media

This is an infection of the ____ ear.

A

Middle

64
Q

Otitis Media

Why are children more prone to this?

A

because their Eustachian tubes are shorter than those of adults

65
Q

Otitis Media

What are the signs?

A
  • fever
  • loss of appetite
  • rolling head from side to side (promotes air drainage)
66
Q

Otitis Media

What is the treatment?

A

Analgesics & antibiotics

67
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

What is the range of the flow rate for nasal cannula?

A

1-6 lpm

68
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

Why keep O2 flow rate below 6?

A

Nares & mucosa dry out when the rate is high

69
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

What are the benefits of using nasal cannula?

A

Client can still drink, eat & talk

70
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

How often should the nasal cannula be changed?

A

Every day

71
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

What should be expected daily due to irritation?

A

skin on face, nares & ears

72
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

What is the flow rate range for a simple mask?

A

6-10 lpm

73
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

When applying the mask, what must be done?

A

Make sure it fits properly, covering mouth & nose

74
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

Clients wearing a face mask may feel ____.

A

Claustrophobic

75
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

What makes a Venturi mask different from a regular face mask?

A

It allows you to control how much room air you want to mix with oxygen.

76
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

Always use a Venturi mask for clients with ______.

A

COPD

because you want the specific 02 concentration

77
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

A partial rebreather mask looks like a face mask with a ________ attached to it.

A

Reservoir bag

78
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

Like the other forms of oxygen delivery , the partial rebreather allows _____ to mix with ___.

A

Room air, pure oxugen

79
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

The reservoir bag should be inflated when?

A

At all times (important point)

80
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

The non-rebreather mask does not allow ____.

A

Room air to be inhaled.

81
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

How would you assess to see if the oxygen delivery system is effective?

A

Pulse oximetry, client’s respiration rate & pattern,

ABG

82
Q

Oxygen Delivery Systems

Do not use ____ for a moisturizer.

A

Petroleum jelly can set the client’s face on fire!

use a water soluble jelly.

83
Q

Pacemakers

What do they do?

A

Conduct electrical activity & maintain HR

84
Q

Pacemakers

If you were at a conference on pacemakers, what should you teach?

A

-Check pulse DAILY
-AVOID large magnetic fields
(MRI, industrial equipment)
-AVOID contact sports.
-Household appliances are okay.
-Report signs of dizziness, fatigue or SOB to M.D

85
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

What is the number one cause of acute pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol abuse

86
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

What are the symptoms?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • N V
  • Board-like abdomen
  • skin discoloration (Cullen’s & Turner’s Sign)
87
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

Does eating make the pain better or worse?

A

worse, especially fatty foods

88
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

What liver enzymes are elevated with pancreatitis?

A

lipase & amylase

89
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

What are the nursing interventions?

A
  • Make client NPO
  • NG Tube to decrease gastric distention
  • IV fluids
  • Antacids
  • Teach client to stop drinking
90
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

How do you treat the pain?

A

Demerol or hydromorphone

91
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

Never give this for pain

A

Morphine

It was thought to cause spasms in the pancreatic duct & sphincter of Oddi.

92
Q

Paracentesis

This is an invasive procedure. Make sure the client has _____.

A

Informed consent

93
Q

Paracentesis

This procedure collects the fluid from where?

A

Peritoneal cavity of the abdomen

94
Q

Paracentesis

What to do before the procedure?

A
  • Measure the abdomen
  • Weigh & take VS
  • Have client void to empty bladder
95
Q

Paracentesis

What position should the client be in during this procedure?

A

Sitting on edge of bed

96
Q

Paracentesis

What do you do after procedure?

A
  • Monitor VS
  • measure fluid collected
  • apply sterile dressing to insertion site & monitor bleeding
  • Make sure urine is not bloody
97
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

This disease is caused by depletion of _____?

A

Dopamine

98
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

What are the signs of Parkinson’s Disease?

A
  • Bradykinea
  • tremors in hands & feet at rest
  • rigidity
  • shuffling steps
  • loss of balance
99
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

Is this disease process fast or slow?

A

Slow, progressive

100
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

What are the nursing interventions?

A
  • assess neuro status & swallowing ability
  • safety assist with ambulation
  • encourage fluids
  • high calorie-high fiber meals with low protein diet
101
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

What medications are prescribed?

A

Anti-Parkinson’s, Anti-cholinergics

102
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

When taking anti-cholinergic, client should increase _______ to avoid ______.

A

Fiber , constipation

103
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

What are other side effects of anti-cholinergics?

A
  • blurred vision
  • dry mouth
  • photophobia
  • tachycardia
104
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

What medication will be given to replace dopamine?

A

Levodopa or Carbidopa-levodopa

105
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

DO NOT TAKE dopamine replacement medications WITH ______, as they may cause a hypertensive crisis.

A

MAIOs

106
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

Teach clients taking Parkinson’s Drugs to follow a _______ diet.

A

Low-protein diet

107
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

What vitamin should be avoided in the diet?

A

B6

which blocks the medication’s effect.

108
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

What bacteria is responsible for most peptic ulcers?

A

H. Pylori

109
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Where are most peptic ulcers found?

A

Gastric & duodenal

110
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

When a client has ulcers, what will the vomit look like?

A

'’coffee ground’’

111
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

When a client has ulcers, what will the stool look like?

A

'’Black tarry’’

112
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

What medications should be AVOIDED?

A

NSAIDs

113
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Is Acetaminophen a NSAID?

A

NO

114
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease
Gastric

  1. Where are the ulcers?
  2. Does stomach acid increase?
  3. Where does the pain occur?
  4. WHEN does the pain occur?
A
  1. Stomach
  2. No, normal production
  3. Mid-epigastric region
  4. With meals or after eating ‘‘starve a gastric ulcer’’
115
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease
Duodenal

  1. Where are the ulcers?
  2. Does stomach acid increase?
  3. Where does the pain occur?
  4. WHEN does the pain occur?
A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Yes, increase production
  3. Mid-epigastric region
  4. On an empty stomach ‘‘feed a duodenal ulcer’’
116
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

What type of medication will be given to decrease gastric acid production in duodenal ulcers?

A

H2 blockers & proton pump inhibitors

117
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

What are medication examples of H2 blockers?

A

Ranitidine

Cimetidine

118
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

What are medication examples of proton pump inhibitors?

A

Generic ending in ‘‘-zole’’
Esomeprazole
Pantoprazole
Omeprazole

119
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

___ are prescribed to neutralize gastric acid.

A

Antacids

120
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

What should you teach clients with ulcers to avoid?

A

Smoking & alcohol

121
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

PAD is an occlusive disease of the ____.

A

Lower extremities

122
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Does the damage to surrounding tissue occur above or below the arterial occlusion?

A

Below

123
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Would you feel a pulse in a leg with PAD?

A

No, it would be absent.

124
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

What would the leg look like?

A

Hairless, cool, pale, thick toenails

125
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

What is intermittent claudication?

A

Muscle pain from decreased blood supply, pain comes & goes

126
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Teach client NOT to?

A
  • Smoke
  • wear tight clothes
  • apply direct heat to legs
  • exercise
  • inspect skin daily
  • take prescribed meds
127
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

What procedures improve PAD?

A

Bypass surgery, angioplasty

128
Q

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

What does a leg with a venous occlusion look like?

A
  • Brown/purple discoloration
  • edema
  • weeping fluid
129
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A tumor that produces an excessive amount of ___ & ______.

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine

130
Q

Pheochromocytoma

Clients will experience:

A
  • Sustained hypertension
  • sweating
  • weight loss
  • hyperglycemia
  • H/A
131
Q

Pheochromocytoma

This is the problem with _____ gland.

A

Adrenal

132
Q

Pheochromocytoma

Treatment:

A

Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

133
Q

Pheochromocytoma

What will the client need to take AFTER surgery?

A

Glucocorticoid replacement

134
Q

Phlebitis

What is Phlebitis?

A

Inflammation of veins

135
Q

Phlebitis

What does it look like?

A

Red, warm, painful area, streaks up the arm

136
Q

Phlebitis

What is the treatment for this?

A
  1. Remove the IV
  2. Apply warm towel
  3. Assess for infection
137
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

What Age/Stage?
Child learns about reality by interacting with his-her environment

A

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Birth to 2 years
Sensorimotor

138
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

What Age/Stage?

Moves on to pre-logical thinking; learns past, present, future. No abstract thinking yet.

A

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

2 to 7 years
Preoperational

139
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

What Age/Stage?
Moves to LOGICAL thinking; able to classify & sort facts. Abstract thinking available.

Understand death by 10 years old.

A

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

7 to 11 years
Concrete

140
Q

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

What Age/Stage?

Able to think & learn as an adult; concrete & abstract reasoning

A

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

11 to adult
Formal

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