page 21-30 Flashcards
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
Compazine belongs to which class of antipsychotics?
Phenothiazines
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
This drug in smaller doses can be used as an antiemetic, which means it suppresses ____ and _____.
Nausea, vomiting
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
It will make you ______, so avoid driving & operating heavy machinery.
Drowsy
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
The routes of administration are IV, IM, PO. Which route lasts longest?
IM (deconate form)
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
As with all anti-pyschotic drugs, clients must be monitored for ____ reactions.
Extra-pyramidal
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
What class of medications can be given to decrease extra-pyramidal reactions?
Anti-Parkinson’s example:
Benztropine
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
What herbal medication is contraindicated with Compazine (Prochlorperazine)?
Kava Kava
Corticosteroids
Most Corticosteroids end in _____.
-ONE
Corticosteroids
What are some examples of Corticosteroids?
Dexamethasone, cortisone, prednisone
Corticosteroids
What are the primary functions of Corticosteroids?
To decrease inflammation & hormone replacement
Corticosteroids
What should you teach clients about stopping Corticosteroids therapy?
To GRADUALLY DECREASE use, don’t stop abruptly
Corticosteroids
What must be monitored while a client is taking Corticosteroids?
Potassium Level
Glucose Level
I and O’s
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids may cause symptoms of _____.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids will also delay _____ healing.
Wound
Corticosteroids
If the client is NPO for surgery should you still give the steroid?
Yes, during surgery, stress & illness in the body increase the need for corticosteroids.
In all other situations, DO NOT TAKE on an empty stomach.
Cranial Nerves
I. Olfactory
It controls: Sense of smell
Cranial Nerves
II. Optic
It controls: Vision
Cranial Nerves
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
VI. Abducens
It controls: Eye movement
Cranial Nerves
V. Trigeminal
It controls: Sensations of the face
Cranial Nerves
VII. Facial
It controls: Expressions of the face
Cranial Nerves
VIII. Acoustic
It controls: Hearing & balance
Cranial Nerves
IX. Glossopharyngeal
It controls: Gag & swallow
Cranial Nerves
X. Vagus
It controls: Gag & parasympathetic
Cranial Nerves
XI. Spinal Accessory
It controls: Back & neck muscles
Cranial Nerves
XII. Hypoglossal
It controls: Tongue
Cranial Nerves
The client is unable to shrug his shoulders; which nerve is dysfunctional?
CN XI. Spinal Accessory
Cranial Nerves
A client is unable to smell his morning coffee; which nerve is dysfunctional?
CN I. Olfactory
Cranial Nerves
A client is unable to distinguish between salty & sweet tastes; which nerve is dysfunctional?
CN VII. Facial
Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s Disease is an ______ of the bowels.
Inflammation
Crohn’s Disease
Can Crohn’s Disease be cured with surgery?
No, symptoms frequently will reoccur.
Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s Disease affects the digestive tract from the mouth to anus. True or false?
TRUE
Crohn’s Disease
What are the symptoms of Crohn’s Disease?
Abdominal pain
diarrhea
weight loss
Crohn’s Disease
Excessive diarrhea will cause what electrolyte imbalance?
hypokalemia
Crohn’s Disease
What food should be avoided and why?
Dairy products & high-fiber meals, which may worsen diarrhea
Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s Disease can lead to what kind of cancer?
Colon
Crohn’s Disease
What are the treatment goals?
Drugs & nutrition to reduce inflammation
Cushing’s Syndrome
What is the cause?
A HIGH production of hormones by adrenal gland. (Glucocorticoids)
Cushing’s Syndrome
What are the major symptoms?
- Buffalo hump
- moon face
- hirsutism
- lethargy
- weakness
- weight gain
Cushing’s Syndrome
What is the skin of a client with Cushing’s Syndrome like?
Fragile & bruises easily
Cushing’s Syndrome
Will this client be overweight?
Yes weight gain is common.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Will the serum blood glucose levels be high or low?
HIGH, so will the sodium levels.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Will the serum potassium levels be high or low?
low so will the calcium
Cushing’s Syndrome
What is the treatment??
- Possible hypophysectomy
- or adrenalectomy then lifelong glucocorticoid therapy
Cystic Fibrosis
In Cystic Fibrosis, the _____ or exocrine glands are affected.
Mucous-producing
Cystic Fibrosis
How does Cystic Fibrosis abnormally change mucous gland secretions?
The mucous will become thick, sticky & cause obstructions.
Cystic Fibrosis
What are the two systems most affected by Cystic Fibrosis?
- Respiratory - mucous gets trapped in the lungs.
2. Digestive - mucous blocks the pancreas & digestive enzymes, making the absorption of nutrients very difficult.
Cystic Fibrosis
What is the most accurate test for Cystic Fibrosis?
Sweat Test- the chloride level will be >60 mEq/L
Cystic Fibrosis
What are the other ways to diagnose Cystic Fibrosis?
- Chest X-ray
- stool analysis
- pulmonary function test
Cystic Fibrosis
How does poor absorption of fat in the digestive tract change the appearance of stool?
it causes steatorrhea (greasy, foul-smelling, pale stool)
Cystic Fibrosis
_____ are given with each meal to help with the absorption of nutrients.
Pancreatic enzymes
Cystic Fibrosis
What is the most appropriate diet for Cystic Fibrosis?
High calorie, high protein
Cystic Fibrosis
_____ is a common technique used to clear thick mucous from the lungs. This is important for preventing respiratory infections.
Postural drainage
Cystic Fibrosis
What should parents who already have a child with Cystic Fibrosis do before having another child?
They should get genetic counseling because Cystic Fibrosis is hereditary.
Diabetic Teaching
Which type of diabetes is controlled mostly by diet & exercise?
Type 2 DM
Diabetic Teaching
Which type of diabetes is controlled mostly by insulin?
Type I DM
Diabetic Teaching
What should you teach diabetics about foot care?
- Have MD cut toenails; cut toenails straight across.
- Inspect feet daily for sores.
- Keep skin clean & dry.
Diabetic Teaching
If a diabetic vomits after taking PO anti-diabetic medication what should they do?
- Monitor blood sugar & DO NOT REPEAT dose.
- The medication may have been absorbed.
Diabetic Teaching
How often should a diabetic get an eye exam?
Yearly; diabetes can cause retinopathy.
Diabetic Teaching
What is insulin lipodystrophy?
It is the result of not rotating SQ insulin injection sites.
If the px injects in the same place repeatedly, a fatty mass will appear, decreasing insulin absorption in that area.
Teach injection site rotation.
Diabetic Teaching
Do you need to aspirate before injection insulin SQ?
NO
Diabetic Teaching
What is the primary injection site for insulin?
Abdomen
Diabetic Teaching
Exercising _____ blood glucose.
lowers
Diabetic Teaching
Alcohol, oral contraceptives, aspirin, MAOI _____blood glucose levels.
lower
Diabetic Teaching
Infection, dehydration, stress & surgery ________ blood glucose.
INCREASE
Diabetic Teaching
What do you give when your client is hypoglycemic & UNCONSCIOUS?
Glucagon (IV or IM)
Diabetic Teaching
Insulin pumps that are wearable mimic which organ?
pancreas
Diabetic Teaching
What is the insulin used in the wearable insulin pump?
Regular or short acting
Diabetic Teaching
How often is the insertion site changed when wearing an insulin pump?
Every 2 to 3 days
Diabetic Teaching
Is the insulin delivered continuous or intermittent?
continuous
Diabetic Teaching
What should clients be advised NOT TO DO while wearing insulin pump?
Smoke or drink alcohol
Digoxin
Why is digoxin prescribed?
To treat heart failure & arrhythmias
Digoxin
Digoxin is a __________.
Cardiac glycoside
Digoxin
Always hold Digoxin if the HR is less than ___.
60
Digoxin
What is the therapeutic blood range?
1-2
> 2 = TOXIC
Digoxin
What are the signs of Digoxin toxicity?
- seeing yellow spots
- N V
- abdominal pain
Digoxin
How is digoxin toxicity treated?
Dose will be lowered; in severe cases, give activated charcoal or Digiband.
Diuretics
What are the 3 ways a diuretic can be given?
PO, IV , IM
Diuretics
Why diuretics are prescribed?
- Chronic Heart Failure
- Fluid Overload
- Renal Failure
Diuretics
When should clients take this medication?
In the morning to prevent nocturia.
Diuretics
Why should clients take this medication during this time?
If taken in the evening, clients will be going to the bathroom all night.
Diuretics
What should clients be monitored for?
- Dehydration
- low potassium
- Hyponatremia
- Weight loss
Diuretics
Loop & Thiazide diuretics inhibit which electrolytes?
Potassium,Sodium, chloride
Diuretics
Furosemide is a_______diuretic.
Loop
Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics or contraindicated in clients allergic to?
Sulfa drugs
Diuretics
______is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce ICP.
Osmitrol
Diuretics
Because Osmitrol decreases intracranial pressure, it can also be used to treat____.
Glaucoma
Diuretics
MANNITOL crystallizes at room temperature; you will need a_____needle to draw up.
Filter
Diuretics
Spironolactone is a_____sparing diuretic.
Potassium
Diuretics
Because spironolactone helps the body retain Potassium, the client is at risk for?
Hyperkalemia
Diuretics
If your clients K+ = 3.0 and Lasix and Spironolactone are both ordered, how would you proceed?
Only give the spironolactone.
The potassium is low and Lasix will only create more potassium loss.
Diuretics
To accurately measure urine output, a client____may be given.
Indwelling (Foley) catheter
Domestic violence
What are signs of domestic violence in children?
- Frequent bruises or burns
- Shrinking back when an adult approaches, and he think others.
Domestic violence
What 2 factors are playing an important part in domestic violence.
Power and control -The abuser sees the victim as a procession.
Domestic violence
What are signs of neglect in children?
Stealing food, lack of dental care, poor hygiene, or school attendance, stating no one’s home.
Domestic violence
When a victim of rape shows no emotion or feelings after an attack, what is this called?
Controlled pattern response
Domestic violence
What are the stages of domestic violence in an intimate relationship called?
Honeymoon stage Build up of stress Anger Beating Reconciliation
Domestic violence
Should I rape victim take a shower before coming to the hospital for treatment?
No , physical evidence may be washed away.
Domestic violence
What is sexual abuse by a family member called?
Incest
Domestic violence
If a Client comes into the hospital afraid for their life due to domestic abuse, should the nurse suggest they don’t go home?
Yes the nurse should help the client explore other housing options.
Epiglottitis
What is epiglottis and what does it do?
It is a lump of skin at the base of the tongue. It opens and closes during breathing.
Epiglottitis
What is the cause of epiglottitis?
Haemophilus influenza
Epiglottitis
Is this a virus or bacteria?
Bacteria
Epiglottitis
What is the usual age of children who get epiglottitis?
2-5 years old
Epiglottitis
What are the signs of epiglottitis?
3 D‘s
Drooling
Dysphasia
Dysphonia (no voice)
Epiglottitis
What will the child look like during an episode of epiglottitis?
Sitting upright; tongue protruding, drooling, shallow, rapid breathing
Epiglottitis
Can Epiglottitis be treated at home?
No , the child must go to the hospital immediately.
Epiglottitis
When assessing the airway can use a tongue depressor or tongue Blade?
NO NEVER Put anything in the mouth to assess!
Epiglottitis
If the child cannot breathe, what might be done?
Intubation
Epiglottitis
What medication will be given to treat epiglottitis?
Antibiotic therapy
Epiglottitis
How can epiglottitis be avoided?
By getting the H. Influenza vaccine
Genital herpes
How is genital herpes spread?
During sexual contact or birth
Can you tell herpes
What are the symptoms for males?
Painful, vesicular lesions
Genital herpes
What are the symptoms for females?
Painful, vesicular lesions
Genital herpes
Are these nations always present on the body?
No, they come and go.
Genital herpes
If lesions are present in a pregnant woman, how should she deliver?
C-section
Genital herpes
What triggers outbreaks of genital herpes?
Stress, anxiety, high emotions
Genital herpes
How often should a woman with herpes get a Pap smear?
Every six months
Genital herpes
Can genital herpes be cured? What is the treatment?
No cure. Acyclovir
Glaucoma
How does glaucoma affect vision ?
Blurry and tunnel vision noted.
There will be halos around light.
Glaucoma
This condition can be acute or chronic due to___.
Increase intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
____is the simple, painless procedure used to measure intraocular pressure.
Tonometry
Glaucoma
What are the two types of glaucoma?
Open angle and closed angled
Glaucoma
Which one is painful? Closed or open angle?
Closed angle is painful but it is not the most common of the two
Glaucoma
State the class of drugs used to Constrict the pupil and let aqueous humor flow.
Miotics
Glaucoma
Give an example of a miotic?
Timolo or pilocarpine
Glaucoma
Why might diuretics be given to clients with glaucoma?
To decrease aqueous humor production
Glaucoma
What diuretic is usually prescribed?
Osmitrol because it is an osmotic diuretic.
Glaucoma
Never give____because they dilate the pupil.
Mydriatics
Glaucoma
If surgery is required, what should you monitor for post operatively?
Hemorrhage
Glaucoma
What post operative teaching should be done?
No straining, heavy lifting, crying or rubbing eyes
Hyperbilirubinemia
What is considered an elevated serum bilirubin level?
Serum levels higher than 12 mg/dl
Hyperbilirubinemia
what will a newborn’s skin look like?
Jaundice
Yellow pigment usually seen on the first day of life
Hyperbilirubinemia
Why does the skin and sclera turn yellow?
Because bilirubin is yellow.
Hyperbilirubinemia
How does jaundice spread ?
Head to toe
Hyperbilirubinemia
What is the treatment for increased bilirubin levels?
Phototherapy
Hyperbilirubinemia
What are the nursing interventions for phototherapy?
Baby should be 18 inches under lights.
Nothing but diaper on, remember to cover eyes.
Turn off lights every 8 hours For 15 minutes
Monitor temperature turn every 2 hours.
Huntington’s disease
What kind of disease is this?
Inherited disorder
Huntington’s disease
Which organ is most affected?
The brain as neurons die which control various body movements.
Huntington’s disease
What are symptoms of the disease?
Uncontrolled movement called Chorea, Behavior changes
Impaired judgment and cognition.
Huntington’s disease
What age is most affected?
30 to 50
Huntington’s disease
Is there a cure?
No, the disease will get progressively worse.
Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
What are extra-pyramidal reactions?
Dystonia - movement disorder in which muscle contract involuntarily, causing repetitive twisting movements
Tardive dyskinesia- form of movt that are drug induced(tongue protruding, rocking back & forth, increase movement or not moving at all
Akathisia- movement disorder that makes it hard to stay still; motor restlessness
