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Quick Facts > page 1-10 > Flashcards

page 1-10 Flashcards

1
Q

ABO

What is the ABO antigen system?

A

It is the different classes of human blood.

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2
Q

ABO

What part of the blood is classified?

A

The RBCs are distinguished.

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3
Q

ABO

What other blood is compatible with Type A?

A

Type A or O

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4
Q

ABO

What other blood is compatible with Type B?

A

Type B or O

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5
Q

ABO

What other blood is compatible with Type O?

A

Type O only

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6
Q

ABO

What other blood is compatible with Type AB?

A

Type A, B or O

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7
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid

What is another name for Acetylsalicylic Acid?

A

Aspirin

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8
Q

What is the indication to give Acetylsalicylic Acid?

A

Mild to moderate pain

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9
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid

Does aspirin increase or decrease the effects of methotrexate?

A

INCREASE

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10
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid

What is methotrexate used for?

A

Chemotherapy agents & rheumatoid arthritis

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11
Q

Acid Reflux (GERD)

What is the primary symptom?

A

Heart burn (pyrosis)

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12
Q

Acid Reflux (GERD)

What test confirms GERD?

A

Barium swallow fluoroscopy

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13
Q

Acid Reflux (GERD)

What malfunction allows reflux in gerd?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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14
Q

Acid Reflux (GERD)

What is the client teaching?

A

Low fat, high protein diet

take antacids

avoid lying flat after eating

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15
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What is the virus that causes AIDS?

A

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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16
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Sexual intercourse

Direct contact with infected blood/body fluids (semen, breast milk)

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17
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What are the symptoms of HIV?

A 
Fever
weight loss
night sweats
diarrhea
fatigue
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18
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

How is the presence of HIV confirmed?

A

Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present.

The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies.

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19
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What is the screening test?

A

ELISA

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20
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

How does the HIV attack the body?

A

It attacks the immune system by destroying the T-lymphocytes.

The virus also rapidly self-replicates.

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21
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What is so important about T-lymphocytes?

A

T-cells help immune system to recognize & fight pathogens.

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22
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What is another name for T-lymphocytes?

A

CD4 cells

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23
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Why is the CD4 count important?

A

The lower the CD4 count, the more damage the virus has done to the body.

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24
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What is a normal CD4 count?

A

500-1500

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25
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What is the normal CD4 count in a client with HIV?

A

Anything at or above 500, client is considered in good health. If below 200, HIV has progressed to AIDS.

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26
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

If a client’s CD4 count is below 200, client is at risk for what?

A

Opportunistic infections

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27
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

List some opportunistic infections.

A
  • Oral pharyngeal infections (mouth fungus)
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma (skin cancer)
  • Pneumocystis pneumonia
  • Cytomegalovirus (blindness)
  • Meningitis
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28
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What is the goal of HIV medications?

A

To interfere with the virus replicating

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29
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The most important medication to know is __________?

A

Z i d o v u d i n e

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30
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Which isolation precautions are used with HIV?

A

Universal/standard precaution

Patients do not have to tell anyone they have HIV, treat everyone as if they are infected.

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31
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

How do precautions change with AIDS?

A

If a client has a low CD4 count & risk for opportunistic infection, implement:

  • private room
  • reverse isolation

RN wears gloves, gown, googles, mask when in direct contact with body/blood fluids.

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32
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What are teaching points for parents who have a child with HIV?

A
  • Clean up body/blood fluid with 10:1 water:bleach ration
  • Get all immunizations except live ones such as (MMR, varicella, & oral poliovirus)
  • Feed high calorie, high protein diet
  • use gloves to change diapers
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33
Q

Acute Renal Failure

What is the definition of acute renal failure (ARF)?

A

Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins & regulate fluids & electrolytes.

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34
Q

Acute Renal Failure

What are some possible causes of ARF?

A

Infection, obstruction, shock

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35
Q

Acute Renal Failure

What are three phases, what are they?

A

Oliguric

Diuretic

Recovery

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36
Q

Acute Renal Failure

During the oliguric phase, what will you see?

A

This phase lasts 1-2 weeks
low urine output
<400 elevated BUN/ creatinine fluid overload

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37
Q

Acute Renal Failure

What two electrolytes will be elevated?

A

Sodium

Phosphate

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38
Q

Acute Renal Failure

The diuretic phase is second, what will you see?

A

Urine output slowly returns, hypokalemia, hypotension

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39
Q

Acute Renal Failure

What does recovery phase mean?

A

The kidneys are recovering through a slow process.

Urine output increases & BUN is normal.

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40
Q

Acute Renal Failure

What are the nursing interventions?

A

Daily weights, strict I & O’s

treat the causes of renal failure & diuretics

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41
Q

Acute Renal Failure

What is the best diet for a client with ARF?

A

HIGH Carbohydrate

low protein

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42
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

Where is the complication located?

A

This is a heart problem.

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43
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

What will the client experience?

A

Sudden attacks of syncope & fainting

seizures may also be present

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44
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

What will the nurse see on EKG?

A

Asystole or ventricular arrythmias

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45
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

Is there adequate tissue perfusion during the attacks?

A

No there will be no tissue perfusion

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46
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

What is the treatment?

A

The client will need an internal pacemaker via surgery.

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47
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

What oral medications can be given after surgery?

A

Digoxin

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48
Q

Addison’s Disease

What is the cause?

A

A low production of hormones by Adrenal gland (glucocorticoids & mineralcorticoids)

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49
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

What are some of the major symptoms?

A

Lethargy, weakness, weight loss

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50
Q

Addison‘s Disease

What color is the skin of a client with Addison’s disease?

A

Bronzed color (hyperpigmentation)

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51
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

Will this client be overweight?

A

No weight loss is common

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52
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

Will the serum blood glucose levels be high or low?

A

Low, so will the sodium levels

53
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome

Will the serum potassium levels be high or low?

A

High

54
Q

Addison‘s Disease

What is treatment?

A

Lifelong glucocorticoid therapy

55
Q

Allergies

Clients allergic to latex may also be allergic to which foods?

A

Bananas
Kiwi
chestnuts

56
Q

Allergies

What standard hospital equipment contains latex?

A

Blood pressure cuffs, gloves, stethoscopes, tourniquets, Band-aids, indwelling catheters

57
Q

Allergies

What allergy is contraindicated for contrast IV dye?

A

Iodine/shellfish allergy

58
Q

Amputation

What are the major complications of having an amputation performed?

A

Infections
Skin breakdown
phantom limb pain
joint contractures

59
Q

Amputation

What is the positioning for post-op care?
AKA (above the knee) amputation

A

Elevate first 24 hours

then, prone position 2x daily to prevent hip flexion

60
Q

Amputation

BKA (below the knee) amputation

A

Elevate foot of bed first 24 hours, the prone position 2x daily to prevent hip flexion

61
Q

Amputation

What should you encourage?

A

Expressing feelings about lost limb

62
Q

Amputation

What is phantom limb pain?

A

Pain felt in an area that has been amputated

63
Q

Anemias

Aplastic Anemia

What are the signs?

A

Signs:
decreased erythrocytes
bleeding mucous membranes
thrombocytopenia

64
Q

Anemias

Aplastic Anemia

Treatment

A

Blood transfusions

Bone marrow transplantations

65
Q

Anemias

Iron Deficiency Anemia

What are the signs?

A 
Signs:
low hgb, hct
pallor, fatigue
tissue hypoxia
tachycardia
*most common during pregnancy
66
Q

Anemias

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Treatment

A

Iron supplements

Dietary changes

67
Q

Anemias

Vitamin B 12/ Pernicious Anemia

What are the signs?

A

Pallor
‘‘beefy red tongue’’
fatigue
paresthesia

68
Q

Anemias

Vitamin B 12/ Pernicious Anemia

Treatment

A

Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
Injections
Dietary Changes

69
Q

Aneurysm

True or false?
An aneurysm is a dilation formed at a weak point on the wall of an artery.

A

TRUE

70
Q

Aneurysm

What are the symptoms of aneurysms in the body?

A

Most aneurysms inside the body have no symptoms

71
Q

Aneurysm

What are some of the risk factors?

A

Arteriosclerosis
Infection (syphilis)
Smoking
Hypertension

72
Q

Aneurysm

What is the treatment for an aneurysm?

A

Surgery - depends on size

Strict blood pressure control with medications

73
Q

Aneurysm

List important NCLEX teaching points.

A
  • AVOID straining, lifting or exerting
  • Take medications on schedule
  • Report severe back/flank pain
74
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

The primary symptom of illness is?

A

Starvation

75
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

What is the perception of the body?

A

Distorted

76
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

At what age does this disease occur?

A

Adolescent

77
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

What is the usual personality type?

A
  • Perfectionist
  • overachievers
  • low esteem
78
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

What is a major cardiac complication of anorexia?

A

Arrythmias

79
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

What treatment is involved in recovery?

A

Small frequent meals with counseling & milieu therapy

80
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

What is a major gynecological complication of anorexia?

A

Amenorrhea

81
Q

Appendicitis

Is commonly seen in what age range?

A

10-30 yo

82
Q

Appendicitis

What is the classic sign of appendicitis?

A

Acute right lower abdominal pain

83
Q

Appendicitis

What are some other signs/symptoms?

A
  • loss of appetite
  • N V
  • low-grade temperature
84
Q

Appendicitis

Localized tenderness is found where?

A

McBurney’s point

85
Q

Appendicitis

What are the tests to determine Appendicitis?

A

Complete history & physical exam with WBC count (it will be elevated)

86
Q

Appendicitis

What is the treatment for appendicitis?

A
  • Immediate surgery to remove appendix
  • IV antibiotics
  • Semi-Fowler’s position
  • NPO to rest stomach
87
Q

Appendicitis

What is the general treatment for any acute abdominal pain?

A
  • NPO status
  • NO HEAT on abdomen
  • assess abdominal distention
  • IV Fluid therapy
88
Q

Arterial Blood Gas

Where are most samples drawn from?

A

Radial artery in the wrist

89
Q

Arterial Blood Gas

How long should pressure be applied to the site after collecting a sample?

A

5 minutes

90
Q

Arterial Blood Gas

Which test should be performed before collecting ABG on a client?

A

Allen’s Test

91
Q

Asperger’s Syndrome

This syndrome is a form of __________?

A

Autism

92
Q

Asperger’s Syndrome

The treatment focuses on improving?

A

Communication/client social skills

93
Q

Asthma

An obstructive airway disease caused by ____ & ____ of the bronchioles?

A

Spasms & inflammation

94
Q

Asthma

What are the signs of asthma?

A
  • SOB
  • Tachycardia
  • expiratory wheezes
  • and possibly a cough
95
Q

Asthma

When will the client experience the cough?

A

At night

96
Q

Asthma

What is the primary treatment goal?

A

To identify allergen

97
Q

Asthma

Which medications work best for the treatment?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Corticosteroids bronchodilators
  • leukotriene modifiers
  • Metered dose inhalers
  • Bronchodilator
98
Q

Asthma

Which should you give first– the steroid or bronchodilator– when treating asthma?

A

Bronchodilator

99
Q

Asthma

What are leukotriene modifiers?

A

They are drugs used to block the chemical leukotriene, which reduces inflammation.

100
Q

Steps to use a metered dose inhaler

NCLEX Teaching Question

6 steps

  • If pxs cannot tolerate a bitter taste/ are experiencing side effects, they may need a spacer.
  • Rinse mouth after each dose to prevent thrush.
  • Pxs should wait only 1 minute between each puff
A
  1. Remove the cap
  2. Shake the inhaler well before use
  3. Breathe out, away from your inhaler.
  4. Bring the inhaler to your mouth. Place it in mouth between the teeth & close mouth around it.
  5. Start to breathe SLOWLY. Press the top of your inhaler once & keep breathing in slowly until you have taken a full breath (3-5 sec)
101
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Autonomic Dysreflexia occurs in clients with what kind of injury?

A

Spinal injury (T6 or above)

102
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

What can cause Autonomic Dysreflexia?

A

Stimuli such as a full bladder / fecal impaction

103
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Why is it serious?

A

Life threatening due to clients becoming extremely HYPERTENSIVE

104
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

What is the common cause?

A

Urinary obstruction

105
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

What are the signs of Autonomic Dysreflexia?

A
  • Increase in BP 40 mm Hg
  • Headache
  • Bradycardia
  • Blurred vision
  • Sweating
106
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

What should be done during an episode?

A

1st Place px in High Fowler’s

  1. Check for bladder distention
  2. Loosen restrictive clothing
107
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

What is the treatment?

A
  • Removal of the stimuli

- Px needs to void or have bowel movement

108
Q

Bell’s Palsy

Bell’s Palsy affects which cranial nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve #7

109
Q

Bell’s Palsy

What does the client with Bell’s Palsy suffer from?

A

Temporary facial paralysis that affects chewing, eating, & closing the eyes

110
Q

Bell’s Palsy

What is the treatment for Bell’s Palsy?

A
  • Wear an eye patch night
  • Use artificial tears
  • Wear glasses to protect the eyes
  • Steroids to reduce edema/swelling
111
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

BPH is caused by _____?

A

The cause is unknown, but it’s an enlargement of the prostate gland.

112
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Because the prostate blocks the urethra opening, what will clients feel & see when they urinate?

A

Straining to urinate, decreased urine stream, feeling like they have to go all the time, dribbling urine flow

113
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Who usually gets BPH?

A

Men usually >50

114
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What is the best way to assess for BPH?

A

Rectal exam, physician will feel a pea-sized nodule

115
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What is the common surgical treatment for BPH?

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

116
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

How is a TURP performed?

A

A scope goes through the penis & removes parts of the prostate.

117
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

After the procedure, what is the client at risk for?

A

Bleeding; monitor for hemorrhage

118
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

All clients will get a ______ before a TURP.

A

Three-way (lumen) Foley catheter

119
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What are the three lumens for?

A

Inflating the balloon, inflow of solution, & outflow of urine

120
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What will the doctor order to be done after a TURP?

A

Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI)

121
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What is the goal of the bladder irrigation?

A

Reduce / prevent blood clot

122
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Will an incision be made during the irrigation?

A

No, irrigation will be done using the indwelling catheter.

123
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What type of fluids is used to irrigate the bladder?

A

Isotonic sterile saline

124
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What color should the urine be?

A

Light pink

125
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

During CBI what must the client be monitored for?

A
  • Bladder distention
  • fluid overload
  • *hyponatremia & blood loss
126
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

If bladder spasms occur, give ____ or ____.

A

Belladonna/opium suppositories or oxybutynin

127
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

The best position for this client post-op is?

A

Lying flat because sitting up puts pressure on the bladder

128
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

List some discharge instructions.

A
  • Drink 2 to 3 liters fluids daily.
  • No lifting or straining.
  • If bright red clots are present, call MD.
  • Do Kegel exercises to strengthen pelvis muscles.

Quick Facts (6 decks)

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