Page 4 Flashcards
What are alleles?
Different forms of a particular gene
Alleles can have slightly different sequences of nitrogenous bases, leading to different proteins being coded.
What is a genotype?
The double set of genetic instructions in a diploid organism
A genotype represents the genetic makeup at a particular gene.
What is the human genome?
The complete set of genetic instructions for an organism
The aim of the human genome project was to sequence and store the human genome in databases.
What occurs during fertilization?
Two nuclei fuse to form a zygote
The zygote contains 46 DNA molecules split into 23 pairs.
What is a zygote?
The initial cell formed when two gametes fuse
The human zygote is diploid, containing 46 chromosomes.
What does diploid mean?
Having 2 copies of each specific chromosome set
Diploid organisms have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
What does haploid mean?
Having 1 copy of each specific chromosome set
Haploid cells are typically gametes (sperm and egg).
What are multialleles?
Three or more alleles for a gene
Multiallelic traits can exhibit a variety of phenotypes due to the different alleles present.
What is the purpose of sequencing the human genome?
To find specific chromosomal locations of important genes
This sequencing has significant implications for medicine and genetics.
How many DNA molecules does a human zygote have?
46 DNA molecules
These are organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Fill in the blank: A genotype represents the _______ set of genetic instructions in a diploid organism.
double
True or False: Each individual has one copy of genes from each parent.
False
Each individual has two copies of genes, one from each parent.
