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Biology Topic 9 > Page 3 > Flashcards

Page 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

Genes

A single chromosome may contain hundreds of genes.

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2
Q

How does the size of a chromosome relate to the number of genes it carries?

A

The bigger the chromosome, the more genes it carries

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3
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of chromosome that codes for a protein through the order of the nucleotide base sequence

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4
Q

How do genes code for proteins?

A

DNA contains information encoded into its base sequence

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5
Q

What is the role of genes in protein production?

A

Genes contain coded instructions for joining specific amino acids into proteins

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6
Q

What is the genetic code in DNA?

A

Triplet code (three bases)

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7
Q

How many amino acids can one piece of genetic code specify?

A

One amino acid

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8
Q

What is the first step of gene expression?

A

Transcription

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9
Q

What occurs during transcription?

A

Production of mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase

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10
Q

What happens to the DNA molecule during transcription?

A

It unwinds and separates

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11
Q

What does RNA polymerase bind to during transcription?

A

Promoter of the template strand

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12
Q

What is synthesized during transcription?

A

An mRNA molecule through complementary base pairing

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13
Q

What happens when transcription stops?

A

mRNA produced detaches and moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What is the first step of translation?

A

Ribosome binds to mRNA

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15
Q

What does the ribosome do during translation?

A

Matches tRNA anticodon sequences to the mRNA sequence

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16
Q

What happens each time tRNA enters the ribosome?

A

Its amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain

17
Q

What continues until the ribosome encounters a stop sequence?

A

Translation

18
Q

What is released when translation is complete?

A

The polypeptide

19
Q

What does the polypeptide do after formation?

A

Forms into its native shape and starts acting as a functional protein in the cell

Biology Topic 9 (4 decks)

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