page 38-39 Flashcards
What occurs simultaneously in a concerted nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: Bond making and bond breaking happen at the same time.
How many steps are involved in a concerted nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: It involves one step.
In a concerted mechanism, what determines the reaction rate?
A: The rate depends on the concentration of both the reactants.
What is the rate equation for a concerted nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: Rate =
k[RX][Nu−]
What is the order of the rate equation in a concerted nucleophilic substitution reaction?
A: It is a second-order rate equation.
Define a bimolecular reaction in the context of nucleophilic substitution.
A: A reaction in which the rate depends on the concentration of two reactants.
In a concerted substitution mechanism, what happens to the bond between the leaving group and the carbon?
A: The bond between the leaving group (X⁻) and the carbon is broken as the new bond between carbon and the nucleophile (Nu⁻) is formed.
Why is the mechanism referred to as “concerted”?
A: Because bond-breaking and bond-forming processes occur simultaneously in one step.
Which type of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism is associated with a concerted process?
A: The
SN2 mechanism
What does
SN2 stand for in nucleophilic substitution?
A: Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular.
What occurs first in the two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: Bond breaking occurs before bond making.
How many steps are involved in a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: It involves two steps.
What intermediate is formed during a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: A carbocation intermediate is formed.
What determines the rate of a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: The first step is rate-determining.
On what does the reaction rate of a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism depend?
A: The rate depends on the concentration of RX only.
What is the rate equation for a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: Rate =
k[RX].
What type of rate equation does a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism follow?
A: A first-order rate equation
What role does the nucleophile play in the second step of the two-step mechanism?
A: The nucleophile attacks the carbocation to form a bond.
What is the hallmark feature of a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism?
A: The formation of a carbocation intermediate after bond breaking.
Which nucleophilic substitution mechanism is associated with the two-step process?
A: The
S
N
1
S
N
1 mechanism.
