Page 3 Flashcards
Describe Thixotropic Cement
Provides rapid gel strength, control lost circulation, and prevents cement fallback
What is the Halliburton Hierarchy When Pumping Fluid Downhole
Each fluid is 1 ppg heavier than previous
- spacer 1 ppg heavier than mud
- cement at least 1 ppg heavier than spacer
What is the HT-400
The HT-400 or Horizontal Triplex 400 is Halliburton’s Primary Cement Pump
Definition of a Standoff and Formula
When casing is not centered in hole.
Formula= (Actual Clearance)*(100% concentric clearance). No more than 70% standoff
What is Halliburton’s Pre-Job Circulation Recommendations
95% of caliper hole volume is circulating, rotate the casing string 5 to 15 rpm
What is the Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) Formula
ECD= (Hydrostatic Pressure) + (Friction Pressure)
What is the Turbulent Flow Definition
Maximum mud removal is reached due to high frictional/drag forces, causing 95% of mud removal
What is the definition of flocculation
Process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of dispersion form larger clusters
What is Super Flush
Improves cement bonding and zonal isolation, down hole fluid loss control, prevents cement fall back, aids in lost circulation control during cementing not recommended for liners
“C” Factor Used for Calculating
Pipe Stretch
What is the Wellbore Configuration
Vertical/measured depth, casing size and weight, deviation, hole size and conditions, casing hardware, down hole tools
Wellbore Environment
Formation information, pay zone location, sensitivity to water, fresh water and salt zones, water flows, fracture gradients, formation pressure, circulating temperature, static temperature, cement columns are different temperatures, drillings fluid data, mud type, density, PV and YP, fluid loss, gel strength development.
2 Factors That Most Effect Well Conditions Slurry Design
Temperature and Pressure
2 Factors That Most Effect the Mixing of Slurry
Density and Mxing Energy
Slurry Design Factors
Wellbore conitions dictate slurry, density, placement time, filtration control, slurry stability, WOC time, gas migration control, mechanical prop.
Why Control Fluid Loss
To prevent dehydration of the slurry, prevent sloughing and swelling of fresh water formations, prevent bridging and permeability damage to sensitive production zones, it is a key design factor for squeezes.
What are factors for poor cement jobs
- Poor mud removal, which happens because of poor mud quality= poor mud removal= poor cement job= poor job stimulation= poor producing well
What is the purpose of mud while drilling
Cleans the bottom hole, transports bit cuttings to surface, cools/lubricates the bit, provides well control
Name Strength Stabilizing Additives
SSA-1 Silica Flour and SSA-2 Silica Sand
Reasons for Multiple Stage Cement Equipment
Cement hydrostatic pressure is too great for formation casing, separate different types of cement blends, limited pump time, if you are only cementing certain sections of the annulus
Halliburton Ball Drop/Free Fall Equipment
Not recommended for use in wells with over 30 degrees in deviation
Reasons for Packer Collar
Support hydrostatic pressure and isolate intervals
Definition of Collapse Pressure
Pressure Exerted outside of the pipe
What are the 4 strings of casing and purpose
- Conductor casing- prevents washout from under the rig, confines circulalting fluids, provides elevation for flow line, gives support for wellhead, set from 20-1500 feet
- Surface Casing- Protects fresh water sands, supports future casing strings, cases of potential lost circulation zones,
- Intermediate- Isolates salt sections, controls the hole and separates the well into workable drilling segments
- Production Casing- Provides control of the well at the wellhead (money string), provides pressure control.
What is the purpose of cementing primary casing
It is the initial cementing operation performed right after casing has run into the hole, provides zonal isolation, well control, protects casing against corrosion/burst/collapse/drilling shocks
What the four types of liners
Drilling/Intermediate liners, production liners, stub liners, tieback liners
