Page 2 Flashcards
Cement Breakout Presentation
What is Dual Spacer/Water Based Spacer
Turbulent Flow Spacer, made with fresh water or brine water, usuable with any mud type, density range is 9.2 PPG to 22 PPG and can be used in a tempature range of 60 to 550 degrees F
What is BWOB
By weight of blend
What is BWOW
By weight of water
What is BVOW
By volume of water
What is FLECS
Flexible Electronic Control System
What is SKD
Skid Diesel
What is SKE
Skid Electric
Why Do We Use Foam Cement
Wellbore formatin cannot withstand the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid column without breaking down thus we foam the cement.
What are the Physical Properties of Foam Cement
- Low cement density
- High viscosity
- Low permeability
- High compress strength
- Stable at High Temperatures
- Highly Elastic
Foam cement is an extremen lightweight system used for cement slurries in order to prevent formation breakdown and gas migration
What if Foam Cement is Brought Back to Surface without Backside Pressure Applied
N2, Foam, Cement Blowout
Common Cement Types
Class A and B used in shallow wells
Class C- High early strength for shallow wells
Class G- High Strength cement used world wide
Class H- High Strength mainly used in US.
Describe Retarders as Additives
Primary Function- Retarders delay setting time of cement slurries
Secondary Function- Dispersant properties
What is micromatrix cement
Ultra fine retarder cement that repairs tight casing leaks, squeezes of off gravel packs, penetrates small channels
What do Accelerators Do To Cement Slurries
Increases early strength development and reduces WOC time.
What is the Most Widely Used Accelerator
Calcium Chloride- Used up to 1-4% BWOC
What Additive Serves Both As An Accelerator and Retarder
Sodium Chloride- Promotes early setting in low percentages (1%-12% By Weight Of Water).
(18%-37%) acts as a retarder for low/moderate tempatures
Is Sea Water An Accelerator
Yes- causes acceleration when used as mixing water, contains 1.5%-2% soluble Chlorides
What is The Most Radical Accelerator Used
Cal Seal- When used radicaly accelerates setting time for slurries, increases viscosity, 5%-90% BWOC.
- Retards with Sodium Citrate
- Used when cementing in permafrost because it imparts thixotropicaly
Describe Bentonite (Halliburton Gel)
- Lightweight additive
- Colloidal clay which swells on contact with water to 10 times its original volume
- Low cost additive used to reduce slurry weight to 12-13 pounds per gallon
Describe Fluid Loss Additives Such As Latex 3000
Controls gas leakage, suspension aid, promotes good bonding, provides acid resistance, improves shatter resistance
Describe Halliburton Silicates
Used as effective accelerators and lightweight additives
What is Pozmix A
Comes from fly ash, pozealomic material, lightens slurry weight/density, enhances pumpability, reduces permeability, promotes bonding, reduces sulfate attack, improves chemical resistance, decreases slurry cost, resist corrosion to seawater
Decribe Silicalite
High surface area silica, extender for lightweight cement, compressive strength enhancer, thixotropic tendancies
Describe Spherelite
Hollow inorganic spheres used as a light weight additive
Describe 3 M Glass Beads
Man-made hollow spheres, stronger than spherelite, lightweight additive
Describe Poly-E-Flake
Loss circulation additive
Describe SCR-100
Non-Lignosulfonate retarder, consistant response, dispersing effects, synthetic cement retarder
Describe SSA-1 (Silica Flour)
Fine lines increase viscosity, strength stabilizer at 230 degrees or greater
Describe CFR-3
Reduces water requirements, lower rheological properties, improves fluid loss, dispersant
Describe HR-5
Cement retarder, modified sodium liqnosulfonate
Describe Liqnosulfante
Used to make most Halliburton retarders
