Page 1 Flashcards
Cementing Breakout Presentation
What is The Purpose of Mud While drilling?
- Cleans bottom hole
- Transports Bit Cuttings to Service
- Cools and lubricates drilling bit
- supports wellbore walls
- Establishes well control
- Transmits hydraulic power to down hole equipment
What Are The Five Major Displacement Factors (CAMPS)
- . Centralization 70% or best achievable standoff,
- Annular Velocity- as fast as well will allow within ECD limits
- Mud Conditioning
- Pipe Mechanical Aids
- Spacers and Flushes
What is Body Yield VS. Joint Yield
Body Yield- Body yield is casing strength
Joint Yield- Coupling strength
What is The Yield Point Definition
The force required to get a fluid in motion, UOM= LBS per 100 square feet (300 Reading - The PV)= YP
What is The Plastic Viscosity Definition
The force required to keep a fluid in motion, UOM= CP or centipoise (The 600 reading - 300 reading) = PV
When are Reservoirs Considered HPHT (High Pressure, High Tempature)
Reservoirs depth greater than 15,000 feet, pressure greater than 15,000 psi, temperature from 325-500 degrees
What is Body Yield
Stength of Casing
What is Joint Yield
Strength of Coupling
Definition of Viscosity
The measure of a fluids resistance to flow, the higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance
Job Time Definition
Job time depends on pump rate but it is the time it takes to pump all fluids (Spacer, CMT, and Displacement)
Pump Time Definition
Amount of time slurry is in motion, starts at mixing, stops when plug is bumped
Definition of Thickening Time
Amount of time slurry will remain pumpable under stimulated well conditions, Bearded Units is used to measure thickening time
Definition of Waiting On Cement
Non-poductive time waiting on cement to develop strength to support and bond the casing in the hole
Definition of Spacer and Flushes
Spacers and flushes separate incompatible fluids, aid in mud displacement/formation protection, leave down hole surfaces water wet, provides protection to formation
Primary function of spacer
Separate fluids, typically densified with insoluable solid weighting agents. Spacers must have good mixability, pumpability, compatibility, stability, and wettability.
What is flocculation
The process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of dispertion form large clusters
What is the Halliburton Recommended Spacer Volume
At a minimum of 1000 annular feet of coverage or 10 minutes annular contact time, whichever is greater
What are Preflushes
Preflushed are not typically densified with insoluble solid weighting agents, refered to as washes. Common preflushes are fresh water, 3%KCL, sea water (3.5% Sodium Chloride), Brine water, P.V. spacer, mud flush III, MCA, PHPA
What is the most straight foward way to change the density of cement
Decreasing or Increasing water will change the density of the cement slurry
Describe Strength Stabilizing Additives
Additives added to slurries in wells with bottom hole static tempatures of 230 degrees or greater in order to prevent strength retrogression
What Additives Does Halliburton Use for Strength Stabilizing
SSA-1, SSA-2, Microsand
Why do we use Heavy Weight Additives
Restrain high formatin pressure
What is the most common lightweight additive
Water
What do Fluid Loss Additives Do
Help prevent water loss from cement slurry to wellbore formation resulting in dehydration during and after placement
What do Dispersant Additives Do
Reduces friction/viscosity/ and water requirement, improves fluid loss control, mild retarder
What are Common Halliburton Dispersants?
CFR-2 and CFR-3
What are Common Halliburton Freewater Additives
FWCA, WG-17 EXP, Pre-Hydrated Gels, Bentonite
What do Halliburton Defoamers Do
Minimize entrance of air, improve density measurements
What is Mud Channeling
Mud channeling is interzonal communication of fluids (Mainly Cement and Mud) which results in lost production, unwanted production, and corrostion in the casing
What are The Three Typical Flow Properties When Cementing
Plug Flow- Mud removal is minimal (about 60%) due to low frictional or drag forces exerted on the mud layer
Laminar Flow- Fluid velocity is higher creating more friction exerted on the mud layer thus improving mud removal from the pipe. Mud removal is around 90% f
Turbulent Flow- Maximum mud removal due to super high frictional and drag forces. Eddies and current in the fluid result in a mud removal percentage as high as 95%
