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Cementing II Final Written Test Study Material > Page 1 > Flashcards

Page 1 Flashcards

Cementing Breakout Presentation

1
Q

What is The Purpose of Mud While drilling?

A
  1. Cleans bottom hole
  2. Transports Bit Cuttings to Service
  3. Cools and lubricates drilling bit
  4. supports wellbore walls
  5. Establishes well control
  6. Transmits hydraulic power to down hole equipment
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2
Q

What Are The Five Major Displacement Factors (CAMPS)

A
  1. . Centralization 70% or best achievable standoff,
  2. Annular Velocity- as fast as well will allow within ECD limits
  3. Mud Conditioning
  4. Pipe Mechanical Aids
  5. Spacers and Flushes
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3
Q

What is Body Yield VS. Joint Yield

A

Body Yield- Body yield is casing strength

Joint Yield- Coupling strength

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4
Q

What is The Yield Point Definition

A

The force required to get a fluid in motion, UOM= LBS per 100 square feet (300 Reading - The PV)= YP

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5
Q

What is The Plastic Viscosity Definition

A

The force required to keep a fluid in motion, UOM= CP or centipoise (The 600 reading - 300 reading) = PV

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6
Q

When are Reservoirs Considered HPHT (High Pressure, High Tempature)

A

Reservoirs depth greater than 15,000 feet, pressure greater than 15,000 psi, temperature from 325-500 degrees

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7
Q

What is Body Yield

A

Stength of Casing

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8
Q

What is Joint Yield

A

Strength of Coupling

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9
Q

Definition of Viscosity

A

The measure of a fluids resistance to flow, the higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance

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10
Q

Job Time Definition

A

Job time depends on pump rate but it is the time it takes to pump all fluids (Spacer, CMT, and Displacement)

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11
Q

Pump Time Definition

A

Amount of time slurry is in motion, starts at mixing, stops when plug is bumped

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12
Q

Definition of Thickening Time

A

Amount of time slurry will remain pumpable under stimulated well conditions, Bearded Units is used to measure thickening time

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13
Q

Definition of Waiting On Cement

A

Non-poductive time waiting on cement to develop strength to support and bond the casing in the hole

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14
Q

Definition of Spacer and Flushes

A

Spacers and flushes separate incompatible fluids, aid in mud displacement/formation protection, leave down hole surfaces water wet, provides protection to formation

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15
Q

Primary function of spacer

A

Separate fluids, typically densified with insoluable solid weighting agents. Spacers must have good mixability, pumpability, compatibility, stability, and wettability.

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16
Q

What is flocculation

A

The process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of dispertion form large clusters

17
Q

What is the Halliburton Recommended Spacer Volume

A

At a minimum of 1000 annular feet of coverage or 10 minutes annular contact time, whichever is greater

18
Q

What are Preflushes

A

Preflushed are not typically densified with insoluble solid weighting agents, refered to as washes. Common preflushes are fresh water, 3%KCL, sea water (3.5% Sodium Chloride), Brine water, P.V. spacer, mud flush III, MCA, PHPA

19
Q

What is the most straight foward way to change the density of cement

A

Decreasing or Increasing water will change the density of the cement slurry

20
Q

Describe Strength Stabilizing Additives

A

Additives added to slurries in wells with bottom hole static tempatures of 230 degrees or greater in order to prevent strength retrogression

21
Q

What Additives Does Halliburton Use for Strength Stabilizing

A

SSA-1, SSA-2, Microsand

22
Q

Why do we use Heavy Weight Additives

A

Restrain high formatin pressure

23
Q

What is the most common lightweight additive

A

Water

24
Q

What do Fluid Loss Additives Do

A

Help prevent water loss from cement slurry to wellbore formation resulting in dehydration during and after placement

25
Q

What do Dispersant Additives Do

A

Reduces friction/viscosity/ and water requirement, improves fluid loss control, mild retarder

26
Q

What are Common Halliburton Dispersants?

A

CFR-2 and CFR-3

27
Q

What are Common Halliburton Freewater Additives

A

FWCA, WG-17 EXP, Pre-Hydrated Gels, Bentonite

28
Q

What do Halliburton Defoamers Do

A

Minimize entrance of air, improve density measurements

29
Q

What is Mud Channeling

A

Mud channeling is interzonal communication of fluids (Mainly Cement and Mud) which results in lost production, unwanted production, and corrostion in the casing

30
Q

What are The Three Typical Flow Properties When Cementing

A

Plug Flow- Mud removal is minimal (about 60%) due to low frictional or drag forces exerted on the mud layer
Laminar Flow- Fluid velocity is higher creating more friction exerted on the mud layer thus improving mud removal from the pipe. Mud removal is around 90% f
Turbulent Flow- Maximum mud removal due to super high frictional and drag forces. Eddies and current in the fluid result in a mud removal percentage as high as 95%

Cementing II Final Written Test Study Material (4 decks)

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