Page 2 Flashcards
Structural Theory
A theory which tends to organize a set of propositions; the functioning of a system made up of dependent fundamentals, specifically the psychical device as a whole. The structural view was always paralleled in Freud by a developmental approach to the same issues
Repression
The rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas, memories, feelings, or impulses; unconscious/involuntary removal of painful impulses, desires, or fears from the conscious mind. Freud considered this the most fundamental defense mechanism
Regression
The reversion to an earlier, less mature or less appropriate pattern of behavior and feeling; adoption by an adult or adolescent of behavior more appropriate to a child in order to avoid anxiety
Introjection
The process of incorporating the characteristics of a person or objectunconsciously into one’s psyche; an unconscious psychic process by whicha person incorporates into his or her own psychic device the characteristics of another person or object
Projection
The attribution of one’s own attitudes, feelings, or hidden desires and impulses to someone or something as a naive or unconscious defense against anxiety or guil
Reaction Formation
An objectionable impulse is expressed in an opposite or contrasting attitude or behavior; a behavioral tendency by which a person at a conscious level condemns a repressed wish.
Rationalization
To indulge in excuses for or explanations of behavior about which one feels uncomfortable or guilty; to justify or explain away one’s actions, especially unacceptable actions, or belief with acceptable reasons
Displacement
The transferring of emotional feelings from their original object to one that disguises their real nature or to a safer target; unconscious shift of emotions, affect, or desires from the original objectto a more acceptable or immediate substitute
Sublimation
The diversion of the energy of a sexual or other biological impulse from its immediate goalto one that is more acceptable/social/moral; unacceptable instinctual drives and wishes are modified into more personally and socially acceptable channels
Developmental Theory
Theory based on the continuity of human development; the idea that mental retardation is due to slower than normal development of cognitive processes
Oral Stage
The oral stage is the first stage of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, lasting from birth to 18 months. According to Freud, the mouth is the primary erogenous zone through which pleasure is derived. The major conflict issue during this stage is the weaning process, during which the child is forced to become less dependent upon caretakers. A fixation at this stage can result in problems with dependency or aggression
Anal Stage
The anal stage is the second stage in Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, lasting from age 18 months to three years. According to Freud, the anus is the primary erogenous zone and pleasure is derived from controlling bladder and bowl movement. The major conflict issue during this stage is toilet training. A fixation at this stage can result in a personality that is too rigid or one that is too disordered
Phallic Stage
The phallic stage is the third stage of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, lasting from age three years to six years. According to Freud, the genitals are the primary erogenous zone and pleasure is derived from genital stimulation. The primary conflict at this stage is a desire to possess the opposite-sex parent. Completion of this stage results in identifying with the same-sex parent
Latency Stage
The latent period is the fourth stage of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, lasting from age six to puberty. During this time, the libido’s sexual urges are suppressed and the child becomes more concerned with socializing and other interests
Genital Stage
The genital stage is the fifth and final stage of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development that begins during puberty. During this stage, the individual develops a strong interest in the opposite sex. If the other psychosexual stages have been successfully completed, the individual will develop into a well-balanced, warm, and caring adult
Dream Analysis
A method of diagnosing a patient’s mental state by studying his or her dreams; a process of gaining access to the unconscious mind by means of examining the content of dreams, usually through the method of free association
Clarification
To make or become clear or easy to understand
Confrontation
(Existential therapy) used to help the client recognize how they’re running away from responsibility. (Perls- Gestalt therapy) used to point out contradictions in the client’s feeling and behaviors. (Glasser- Reality Therapy) Often used in the form of empathetic yet firm questions or comments that challenge clients to acknowledge their own responsibility in choosing to act or think in particular ways and to honestly face the consequences of their actions. Clients are also confronted with how seriously committed they are to their choices
Catharsis
(Freud) release of intense feelings that have been blocked off
Working Through
(Freud) process that occurs through transference, which allows clients to understand/resolve “unfinished business” from past relationships
Collective Unconscious
(Jung- analytical psychology) Deeper level within the psyche that’s not conscious and contains materials that are transpersonal/universal to all humans in their common ancestry. Particular images/memories aren’t universally inherited, but it’s the predisposition toward specific ideas (archetypes) that’s inherited
Psyche
(Jung- analytical psychology) total personality (the ego is the unifying force in the psyche)
Inferiority Complex
(Adler- Individual Psychology) when feelings of inferiority become abnormal. A person appears to themselves and others as someone who’s unable to solve a problem in a socially useful way
Persona
(Jung- analytical psychology) “mask” in Latin. The way one presents their self in public in order to interact with others in socially appropriate ways. Universally present in everyone. Archetype
Anima
(Jung- analytical psychology) Feminine archetype in man’s psyche (feminine characteristics). Associated with feelings/emotional experience. Negative characteristics are moodiness/vanity
Animus
(Jung- analytical psychology) Masculine archetype in woman’s psyche (masculine characteristics). Associated with rational thinking/logic. Negative characteristics are social insensitivity/argumentativeness
Individual Psychology
(Adler) emphasizes social motivation/subjective perception more than sexual drives in human behavior. Focus on the whole person in the social context instead of just the internal psychological/biological aspects of an individual. Focus on the influence of life goals on behavior, the crucial role of basic striving for superiority in every person, the importance of social interest and connecting with the community, the effects of birth order, and especially the substantial influence of a person’s core assumptions/beliefs on their lifestyle, with some freedom of choice
Introversion
(Jung- analytical psychology) An attitude of personality. Orientation/preference for inner world consisting of ideas, concepts, and inner experience. Enjoy time alone, have fewer friends, usually not comfortable in social situations
Shadow
(Jung- analytical psychology) Archetype. The dark, potentially evil side of human nature, which exerts a powerful influence on people’s lives. Includes repressed/unacceptable sexual/aggressive instincts in the personal unconscious, and evil tendencies in the collective unconscious. Persona helps control the shadow.
Life Tasks
(Adler- Individual Psychology) Tasks that everyone seeks to successfully accomplish. (3 original) 1. the social task of building friendships; 2. the love-marriage task of achieving intimacy; 3. the occupational task of work or making significant contributions to society. (3 additional) 4. the self-acceptance task of learning to get along with oneself; 5. the development of spirituality task, which involves growing in one’s life goals, meanings, values, and relationships with the cosmos or universe; 6. the parenting and family task
Discouragement
(Adler- Individual Psychology) Believed to be what causes problems in a person. They are discouraged in dealing with problems/struggles in life. Need to encourage them
Archetypes
(Jung- analytical psychology) organizing patterns in unconscious that are more transpersonal or collective. Particular ways of structuring/perceiving experiences. Have form but not content
Social Interest
(Adler- Individual Psychology) A person’s sense of empathy/identification with others and interest in achieving a better future for all humanity. Usually demonstrated through shared social activities
Symbols
Archetypes do not have content, but are expressed through symbols which are the
content of archetypal images that only have form. Such symbols appears in dreams, visions, fantasies, myths, art.
Extroversion
Personality Attitudes, extroversion prefers outer world of activities, social events and things
Personal Unconscious
The aspect of personality in which thoughts, feelings, experiences and perceptions that the ego has screened out of conscious awareness are stored below the level of consciousness
Complexes
Developed when related thoughts are unified by a powerful feeling with an obvious emotional effect; focused on the emotional impact of a group of connected thoughts and feelings; part of the unconscious – need to be made conscious, have positive and negative dimensions
Individuation
Jung Therapy, helps clients integrate the unconscious with the conscious so they can become more mature and an a unique person
Courage
Our willingness to recognize and deal with anxieties as opposed to denying them is a mark of this.
Style of Life
Adler Therapy, reflects individuals unique, unconscious, and repetitive way of responding to the main tasks of living: friendship, love, work
Consciousness
According to Freud, is a thin slice of the total mind. The unconscious stores all experiences, memories and repressed matter.
Personality Theory
Psychoanalytic (Freud), conscious, personal unconscious and collective unconscious (jung) Description of several characteristics of human beings as they exist in the world, but are not the same as particular or fixed traits with in a person
Word-Association Test
Jung Technique, word game involving an exchanging of words that are associated together, “stimulation of an associative pattern by word”
