Page 1 Flashcards
Final Exam Terms
Psychotherapy
The treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means
Psychodynamic
primary focus of which is to reveal the unconscious content of a client’s psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension
Integration
When referring to integration and different theories integration is the taking of a concept found in one school of therapy and including it into another.
Ego Defense Mechanisms
Mental strategies (conscious or unconscious) used by the ego to defend itself against conflicts experienced in the normal course of life.
Psychosexual Stages
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Abreaction
the expression and consequent release of a previously repressed emotion, achieved through reliving the experience that caused it (typically through hypnosis or suggestion)
Free Association
The therapeutic method in which a patient gives a running account of thoughts, wishes, physical sensations, and mental images as they occur
Id
The primitive, unconscious part of the personality that operates irrationally and acts on impulse to pursue pleasure
Ego
The aspect of personality involved in self-preservation activities and in directing instinctual drives and urges into appropriate channels
Super Ego
The aspect of personality that represents the internalization of society’s values, standards, and morals
Object Relations
Psychoanalytic theory that originated with Melanie Klein’s view that the building blocks of how people experience the world emerge from their relations to loved and hated objects (significant people in their lives)
Neurosis
A relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress (depression, anxiety, obsessive behavior, hypochondria) but not a radical loss of touch with reality
Pleasure Principle
Aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure
Part of Sigmund Freud’s structure of personality and is associated with the Id
Reality Principle
The ego’s control of the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet the demands of the external world
Oedipal Complex
The Oedipal complex is a term used by Sigmund Freud in his theory ofpsychosexual stages of developmentto describe a boy’s feelings of desire for his mother and jealously and anger towards his father. Essentially, a boy feels like he is in competition with his father for possession of his mother. He views his father as a rival for her attentions and affections
Fixation
A state in which a person remains attached to objects or activities more appropriate for an earlier stage of psychosexual development
Secondary Gain
an external motivator - ex: a patient’s illness allows them to miss work, gain sympathy, avoid a jail sentence - patient may or may not be consciously aware of this
Transference
when a client unconsciously relates to the analyst as if he/she is a figure from their earlier life - results in resolution of old patterns - brings up unconscious material about past
Resistance
client’s blocking or defending against bringing unconscious and repressed materials into conscious awareness - may be caused by pain and anxiety - this can be seen if a client begins to be late to appointments, talking incessantly about superficial topics or abruptly terminates therapy
Interpretation
the analyst clarifies and explains the meaning of certain unconscious materials - enables client to gain insight into unconscious material that is surfacing and to help their ego deal with such material more effectively and realistically
Therapeutic Alliance
the therapeutic relationship between client and therapist - the means by which the therapist hopes to engage with and effect change in a client
Countertransference
occurs when the analyst’s responses reflect unresolved issues that the analyst possesses
Harry Stack Sullivan
Freudian revisionist - agreed that relational, social, and cultural factors were of great significance in shaping personality - personality lives in and has his/her own being, a complex of interpersonal relations
Karen Horney
psychoanalyst that deviated from Freud’s views of sexuality and the instinct orientation of psychoanalysis - credited with founding of Feminist Psychology in response to Freud’s theory of Penis Envy - disagreed with Freud on inherent differences in psychology of men and women - not biological but rather society and culture for differences in gender
10 patterns of neurotic needs
Melanie Klein
psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children that had an impact on child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis - innovator in theorizing object relations theory
D. W. Winnicott
Donald Woods Winnicott - psychoanalyst who was influential in the field of object relations theory - best known for ideas on true self and false self and the transitional object
John Bowlby
psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst notable for his interest in child psychology and for his pioneering work in attachment theory
Eric Fromm
psychoanalyst that deviated from Freud’s views - best known for his concept of freedom as a fundamental part of human nature
Heinz Kohut
psychoanalyst best known for his development of Self Psychology - psychopathology being the result of disrupted or unmet developmental needs
Sigmund Freud
founding father of psychoanalysis - left behind the most comprehensive and substantial theory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud is founding father - basic tenets include:
a person’s development is determined by events early in childhood - personality is formed by age 6
human actions or behaviors are understood as caused by irrational forces, mainly unconscious, called drives or instincts
personality structure: id, ego, superego
attempts to bring unconscious drives to awareness meet resistance in form of defense mechanisms
conflicts between conscious and unconscious material can form mental or emotional disturbances
liberation from effects of unconscious material is achieved through bringing material into conscious mind - techniques include: free association, analytic framework, dream analysis, interpretation, transference, analysis of resistance
Intrapsychic Conflict
conflict which has been mainly caused by a deep hurt carried by an individual - often unconscious - can be between id, ego, superego
Sandor Ferenczi
psychoanalyst - main ideas include a more active role for analyst, use of empathy in psychoanalysis, “confusion of tongues” theory: child pretends to be spouse of parent
