Page 199 Flashcards
Then, around 321 B.C.E. a new empire arose in India, and one that would come to be the largest in the country today. Spanning from the Indus River Valley eastward through the Ganges River Valley in southward through the Deccan Plateau
The Mauryan Empire
The Mauryan Empire was founded by_______________, who unified the smaller Aryan Kingdom into a civilization.
Chandragupta Maurya
The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, who took the Empire to its greatest heights.
Ashoka Maury
Stricken with disgust and filled with remorse for a very violent and bloody victory his forces claimed over the Kalinga in southeast India, Ashoka converted to____________
Buddhism
Ashoka is also known for his________________, which were carved on you guessed it rock and pillars throughout the empire
Rock and Pillar Edicts
However, between 375 and 315 CE, experienced a revival under Chandra Gupta II, known as
Chandra Gupta the Great
The ___________ was more decentralized and smaller than its predecessor but it is often referred to as the golden age because it enjoyed relative peace and saw significant advances in the arts and sciences.
Gupta Empire
They also devise a decimal system that uses the numerals 1 through 9 (which were defused to the Arabs and became known as ________)
Arabic numerals
The Qin dynasty is the empire that connected separate fortification walls that eventually became the___________
Great Wall of China
Qin Shihuangdi, also known as ________ was the dynasty’s first emperor, and he recentralized various feudal kingdoms that had split apart in the end of the Zhou dynasty; standardized all the laws, currencies weights, measures, and system of writing; and refuse to tolerate any dissent whatsoever
Qin Shi Huang
What might surprise you, however, is that the dominant believe system of the Qin rulers was _______
Legalism
During the ___________, the _______, large nomadic group from northern Asia who may have been Huns, invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe.
Ham Dynasty, the Xiongnu
However, the Huns were much more successful in Europe then they were in China, largely due to the skills of_________ , Often called the warrior emperor, who greatly enlarged the Han Emperor to Central Asia
Wu Ti
On account of the vast expanse of their empire, The delegated local administration of their provinces, or ________, to important people in the provinces.
Satrapies
To improve transportation and communication across the vast empire, the Persians build a series of a long road. The longest was the_____________, which stretch some 1600 miles from the Persian Gulf to the Aegean Sea.
Great Royal Road
The ________ are important because they came up with the concept of using coined money to conduct their trade rather than using the barter system, in which goods are exchange for other goods.
Lydians
The _________ are important, first they became established powerful naval city state along the Mediterranean and, second because they developed a simple alphabet that used only 22 letters as opposed to more complexed cuneiform systems.
Phoenicians
The ________ are significant because of their religious beliefs call Judaism. The _______ were the first Jews
Hebrews
The two main city states were ______ and _______. One was the political, commercial, and cultural center of Greek civilization. The other was a agricultural and highly militaristic region.
Athens and Sparta
________ (499-449bce) United all the Greek city state against the mutual enemy, Persia.
The Persian wars
The golden age of________ (480-404bce) so Athens become a cultural powerhouse under the leadership of________.
Pericles
Furthermore, it was under Pericles that Athens established _____________ with the other city states, in alliance against aggression from into common enemies
The Delian League
In philosophy, we find the names many would regard as the most famous of all the ancient Greeks: ______,________, and ________
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
After years of increasing tensions of trade dispute involving the city of Corinth pushed Athens and Sparta into the
Peloponnesian war
The __________, under the rule of Philip the third of Macedon, who rain from 359 to 336 B.C.E., NV did Athens from the north in Concord the entire region
Macedonians
Philip’s son, __________, Who was taught by Aristotle, widely expanded the Macedonian dominance
Alexander the Great
Therefore, ________ - The culture, ideas, and pattern of life of classical Greece – didn’t parish as a result of the victories over Athens and Sparta; instead, it became to influence far beyond its original borders
Hellenism
The social and political structure of the Roman Republic consisting of________( landowning men) and ________ (all other free men), and slaves.
Patricians and plebeians
It didn’t take long for this conflict to escalate into full-fledged wars, which came to be called the
Punic wars
The second Punic war begin with the attack by_________, A Carthaginian general considered one of the greatest military geniuses of all time
Hannibal
The laws of Rome work codified and became known as the ___________ later these laws were extended to an international code that Rome applied to its conquered territories
The 12 tables of Rome
The result was that the power of the senate weekend, ultimately to be transferred to three men who came to be known as the __________, Pompeii, Cruces and Julius Caesar
First triumvirate
After the death of Julius Caesar,_________, comprised of Octavius, Mark Anthony and Lepidus, came to power
Second triumvirate
Things didn’t improve the second time around. Power again shifted to one person_______, Who rose to power, assumed the name Augusta Cesar, and became emperor
Octavius
With all these elements in place throughout the empire, stability returned to its people, and for 200 years they enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity known as the
Pax Romana
Roman citizens were required to make sacrifices to traditional Roman gods. However, shortly after the reign of a Gustus, a new religion developed in the Mediterranean in Aegean regions, that religion was
Christianity
Only when emperor________ himself issued the ______ in 313 CE did the persecution end. By 390 1CE Christianity had become the offical religion of the Roman Empire
Constantine… The edict of Milan
The Hon dynasty was interrupted by the reign of________ 9 to 23 CE, who established the Xin Dynasty after seizing the throne from the rule of the Lui family, successfully using the believes of the Mandate of heaven to undermine them
Wang Mang
In 285bce ________ had become the emperor. He attempted to deal with the increasing problems by dividing the Empire into two regions run by coemperores
Diocletian
I have to rising to power in 306 CE, as a co emperor, _________ defeated his rivals and assumed it’s all control over the empire in 320 2C
Constantine
He ordered the building of_________, at the site of Greek city byzantine, and in 340 C, this city became the capital of the united empire
Constantinople
The sensitive practiced the Iranian faith of__________ and use that to consolidate their power
Zoroastrianism
Trade routes were flourishing, bringing cultures, religions, and in beating tribes to constant contact with each other. Major trade routes over Lynn, such as the_________. From China to the Roman empire, took months to transverse
Silk road
