PAG 03.1 - Determination of Resistivity Flashcards
State the equation used to calculate the resistivity of a wire.
How does the resistance of a wire change when the cross-sectional area decreases?
The resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional and so as the area decreases, the resistance will increase.
How does the resistance of a wire change when the length is decreased?
The resistance of a wire directly proportional to the length of the wire, so as the length decreases the resistance also decreases.
How does the resistance of a wire change if the resistivity is increased?
The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to the resistivity, so as the resistivity increases, the resistance also increases.
What is the unit of resistivity?
Ωm
Ohm - Metre
How do you measure the cross-sectional area of a thin wire?
Using a micrometer, measure the wire’s diameter in at least three different places along the wire. Use the average diameter in the circular area equation.
Suggest how the length of conducting wire can be varied when carrying out this experiment.
One end of the wire can be fixed and the other end can be connected to the circuit using a crocodile clip. The length of conducting wire can be changed by varying the position of the crocodile clip.
Describe how the length of the wire should be measured.
The length of the wire should be measured by a metre ruler, with the wire held taught. This reduces the likelihood of an incorrect measurement due to kinks in the wire.
What device is used to measure the potential difference across the wire, and how is it connected?
A voltmeter should be connected in parallel across the wire.
What device is used to measure the current flowing through the wire, and how is it connected?
An ammeter should be connected in series with the wire.
Why should the power supply be switched off between readings?
The temperature of the wire should remain constant throughout the experiment. Switching the power supply off between readings will reduce the heating of the wire.
Why should the temperature of the wire remain constant throughout this experiment?
Temperature changes can affect the resistance of the wire. In this experiment, temperature is a control variable.
Why does the resistance of a wire increase when its temperature increases?
As temperature increases, the metal ions gain more kinetic energy and so vibrate more. These vibrating ions make it harder for charges to pass through the wire and so the wire’s resistance increases.
How can the resistivity of a wire be determined from a graph of resistance against length?
The gradient of the graph will be R/L and so by multiplying the gradient by the wire’s cross-sectional area, you will obtain the wire’s resistivity.
Why should the current used in this experiment be kept low?
As current increases, the temperature of the wire will increase. By keeping the current low, the heating effect is kept to a minimum.
