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Y4 Paeds CCs > Paeds wrong stuff > Flashcards

Paeds wrong stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV
(then adenovirus)

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2
Q

How is bronchiolitis managed?

A

-Supportive management (feeding support with small volume feeds)
-Only admit if:
–Hypoxic
–Respiratory distress
–<50% feeds
-Symptoms peak around day 5-7, cough may last for 2-3 weeks

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3
Q

Who is most at risk from serious illness from bronchiolitis?

A

Premature children born with congenital heart defects
-Require mAb immunisation every month of winter months

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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5
Q

How is croup managed?

A

Oral or nebuliser steroids

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6
Q

How is whooping cough managed?

A

Azithromycin for 5 days
Clarithromycin for 7 days
-Must exclude from school for 48h if on treatment / 3 weeks if not
-Cough may continue for months

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7
Q

How should children be resuscitated with fluids?

A

Fluid bolus of 10ml/kg

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8
Q

How is Kawasaki disease managed?

A

High dose aspirin
IV Igs

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9
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease?

A
  1. Fever for >5 days
    + 4/5 of:
  2. Bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis
  3. Oral mucosa changes (strawberry tongue, cracked lips)
  4. Oedema and skin peeling
  5. Rash
  6. Cervical lymphadenopathy
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10
Q

How should meningitis be managed?

A

<3 months –> benzylpenicillin + gentamicin
>3 months –> ceftriaxone

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11
Q

How should fluid requirements be calculated in children?

A

1st 10kg –> 100ml/kg/day
2nd 10kg –> 50ml/kg/day
3rd and subsequent 10kg –> 20ml/kg/day

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12
Q

What does the Guthrie test screen for and when is it performed?

A

PKU
Haemoglobinopathies
Hypothyroidism
CF
Acylcarnitine
-Done between 5th and 9th day of life

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13
Q

What is the newborn hearing screening tool?

A

Otoacoustic emission test
(pre-school = pure tone audiometry)

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14
Q

What is the initial management of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Rectal irrigation / bowel washout

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15
Q

What rheumatological condition is associated with bilateral joint swelling and a salmon-pink rash?

A

JIA

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

A

H. influenzae

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17
Q

What cardiac abnormalities do children with Turner’s syndrome have?

A

Coarctation of the aorta
Bicuspid aortic valve (ESM)

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18
Q

How would NEC present on x-ray?

A

Dilated asymmetrical bowel loops
Bowel wall oedema
Air under diaphragm

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19
Q

When do TOF and TGA generally present?

A

TGA = first days of life
TOF = 1-2 months of life

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20
Q

What are the 7 S’s of innocent murmurs?

A

Soft
Short
Systolic
Symptom-free
Sign-free
Site (only heard over a small area)
Sitting (decreases in intensity once patient stands)

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21
Q

What is the most common complication of measles?

A

Otitis media

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22
Q

What causes a swelling on the heads of neonates that crosses suture lines?

A

Caput succedaneum - resolves within a few days

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23
Q

What is the first line treatment for threadworm?

A

Mebendazole

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24
Q

How should seborrhoea dermatitis be managed in babies?

A

Baby oil and shampoo

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25
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children?

A

Strep pneumonia

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26
Q

Which arteries are most appropriate to feel a pulse in pBLS?

A

Brachial and femoral

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27
Q

What causes Scarlet fever?

A

Group A streptococci

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28
Q

If a child is already on a SABA + ICS + LRA and it is not providing sufficient control, what is the next step?

A

SABA + ICS + LABA (eg salmeterol)

29
Q

How does congenital rubella present?

A

-Congenital cataracts
-Sensorineural deafness

30
Q

How are complications from Kawasaki disease screened for?

A

Echocardiogram (coronary artery aneurysms)

31
Q

What is the best type of laxative for constipation caused by dietary factors?

A

Osmotic laxative eg movicol

32
Q

What is the most likely cause of painless GI bleed in children aged 1-2?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

33
Q

What determines the degree of severity and cyanosis in ToF?

A

Severity of pulmonary stenosis

34
Q

What triad of signs are found in a child that has been shaken?

A
  1. Retinal haemorrhages
  2. Subdural haematoma
  3. Encephalopathy
35
Q

What are children with VSD at increased risk of?

A

Endocarditis

36
Q

How can a diagnosis of pertussis be confirmed?

A

Nasal swab

37
Q

What can cause intermittent pain and locking of a joint in teenage?

A

Osteochondritis dissecans

38
Q

What would you notice on examination of a neonate with ToGA?

A

-Prominent ventricular pulse
-Loud S2

39
Q

How would a neonate exposed to CMV in utero present?

A

-Microcephaly
-Seizures
-Petechial rash
-Hearing loss
-LBW

40
Q

What is the most common cause of stridor in neonates?

A

Laryngomalacia

41
Q

What is a risk factor for surfactant-deficient lung disease in the newborn?

A

Maternal DM

42
Q

What is a common complication following viral gastroenteritis?

A

Transient lactose intolerance

43
Q

What is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in newborns?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

44
Q

What congenital cardiac lesion presents with a collapsing pulse?

A

PDA

45
Q

When should bow legs in a child resolve by?

A

4 years

46
Q

What causes roseola infantum?

A

Herpes virus 6

47
Q

What drugs should be strictly avoided in children with chicken pox and why?

A

NSAIDs –> risk of necrotising fasciitis

48
Q

What head injury is the most likely cause of neonatal convulsions (in 48h of life)?

A

Intraventricular haemorrhage

49
Q

What can weak femoral pulses in a 6 week-old baby be a sign of?

A

Major congenital heart abnormalities

50
Q

What is an umbilical granuloma?

A

Overgrowth of tissue which occurs during the healing process of the umbilicus, common
Small growth of red tissue, often leaks fluid

51
Q

What is the recommended compression:ventilation ratio for neonates?

A

3:1

52
Q

What genetic condition is most commonly associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis?

A

William’s syndrome

53
Q

What genetic condition is most commonly associated with mitral valve prolapse?

A

Fragile X

54
Q

What condition is the most likely cause of neonatal hypotonia?

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

55
Q

What is the gold-standard investigation for Meckel’s diverticulum (in stable patients)

A

Technetium scan

56
Q

What is a common complication / manifestation of JIA?

A

Uveitis (often more likely if ANA comes back positive)

57
Q

How does meningitis management vary for children of different ages?

A

-If <3 months give CEFOTAXIME
-If >3 months give CEFTRIAXONE

58
Q

What test result indicates a diagnosis of asthma?

A

-Bronchodilator + reversibility >12%
-FeNO >35 parts per billion

59
Q

What is the most common causative pathogen of bacterial OM?

A

H influenza
- only give abx if TM perforated or persistent symptoms

60
Q

How should HSP be monitored?

A

Renal function and BP to detect renal involvement

61
Q

How are inguinal hernias managed vs umbilical?

A

Inguinal –> repair ASAP
Umbilical –> conservative management but should resolve by 4-5 yrs

62
Q

What would bruising / bleeding in an exclusively breastfed infant indicate?

A

Vitamin K deficiency

63
Q

What affect does Turner’s have on FSH?

A

Increased FSH

64
Q

How should a ?sarcoma be managed in primary care?

A

Refer for x-ray within 48h

65
Q

What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

A

Meningitis / meningococcal septicaemia + adrenal haemorrhage and septic shock

66
Q

What is the most common extra-renal manifestation of polycystic kidney disease?

A

Hepatic cysts

67
Q

What is Reye’s syndrome?

A

Liver failure + encephalopathy following aspirin for viral infections
PRESENTATION
-Rash + fever consistent with chickenpox
-Vomiting, lethargy
-Liver biopsy to confirm

68
Q

How does ITP present vs ALL

A

ALL = anaemia + neutropenia
ITP = thrombocytopenia (commonly occurs after viral infection

69
Q

What can be given to children to prevent recurrence of complex febrile seizures?

A

Rectal diazepam

Y4 Paeds CCs (25 decks)

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