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Y4 Paeds CCs > Paeds wrong stuff > Flashcards

Paeds wrong stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV
(then adenovirus)

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2
Q

How is bronchiolitis managed?

A

-Supportive management (feeding support with small volume feeds)
-Only admit if:
–Hypoxic
–Respiratory distress
–<50% feeds
-Symptoms peak around day 5-7, cough may last for 2-3 weeks

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3
Q

Who is most at risk from serious illness from bronchiolitis?

A

Premature children born with congenital heart defects
-Require mAb immunisation every month of winter months

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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5
Q

How is croup managed?

A

Oral or nebuliser steroids

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6
Q

How is whooping cough managed?

A

Azithromycin for 5 days
Clarithromycin for 7 days
-Must exclude from school for 48h if on treatment / 3 weeks if not
-Cough may continue for months

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7
Q

How should children be resuscitated with fluids?

A

Fluid bolus of 10ml/kg

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8
Q

How is Kawasaki disease managed?

A

High dose aspirin
IV Igs

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9
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease?

A
  1. Fever for >5 days
    + 4/5 of:
  2. Bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis
  3. Oral mucosa changes (strawberry tongue, cracked lips)
  4. Oedema and skin peeling
  5. Rash
  6. Cervical lymphadenopathy
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10
Q

How should meningitis be managed?

A

<3 months –> benzylpenicillin + gentamicin
>3 months –> ceftriaxone

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11
Q

How should fluid requirements be calculated in children?

A

1st 10kg –> 100ml/kg/day
2nd 10kg –> 50ml/kg/day
3rd and subsequent 10kg –> 20ml/kg/day

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12
Q

What does the Guthrie test screen for and when is it performed?

A

PKU
Haemoglobinopathies
Hypothyroidism
CF
Acylcarnitine
-Done between 5th and 9th day of life

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13
Q

What is the newborn hearing screening tool?

A

Otoacoustic emission test
(pre-school = pure tone audiometry)

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14
Q

What is the initial management of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Rectal irrigation / bowel washout

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15
Q

What rheumatological condition is associated with bilateral joint swelling and a salmon-pink rash?

A

JIA

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

A

H. influenzae

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17
Q

What cardiac abnormalities do children with Turner’s syndrome have?

A

Coarctation of the aorta
Bicuspid aortic valve (ESM)

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18
Q

How would NEC present on x-ray?

A

Dilated asymmetrical bowel loops
Bowel wall oedema
Air under diaphragm

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19
Q

When do TOF and TGA generally present?

A

TGA = first days of life
TOF = 1-2 months of life

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20
Q

What are the 7 S’s of innocent murmurs?

A

Soft
Short
Systolic
Symptom-free
Sign-free
Site (only heard over a small area)
Sitting (decreases in intensity once patient stands)

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21
Q

What is the most common complication of measles?

A

Otitis media

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22
Q

What causes a swelling on the heads of neonates that crosses suture lines?

A

Caput succedaneum - resolves within a few days

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23
Q

What is the first line treatment for threadworm?

A

Mebendazole

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24
Q

How should seborrhoea dermatitis be managed in babies?

A

Baby oil and shampoo

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25
What is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children?
Strep pneumonia
26
Which arteries are most appropriate to feel a pulse in pBLS?
Brachial and femoral
27
What causes Scarlet fever?
Group A streptococci
28
If a child is already on a SABA + ICS + LRA and it is not providing sufficient control, what is the next step?
SABA + ICS + LABA (eg salmeterol)
29
How does congenital rubella present?
-Congenital cataracts -Sensorineural deafness
30
How are complications from Kawasaki disease screened for?
Echocardiogram (coronary artery aneurysms)
31
What is the best type of laxative for constipation caused by dietary factors?
Osmotic laxative eg movicol
32
What is the most likely cause of painless GI bleed in children aged 1-2?
Meckel's diverticulum
33
What determines the degree of severity and cyanosis in ToF?
Severity of pulmonary stenosis
34
What triad of signs are found in a child that has been shaken?
1. Retinal haemorrhages 2. Subdural haematoma 3. Encephalopathy
35
What are children with VSD at increased risk of?
Endocarditis
36
How can a diagnosis of pertussis be confirmed?
Nasal swab
37
What can cause intermittent pain and locking of a joint in teenage?
Osteochondritis dissecans
38
What would you notice on examination of a neonate with ToGA?
-Prominent ventricular pulse -Loud S2
39
How would a neonate exposed to CMV in utero present?
-Microcephaly -Seizures -Petechial rash -Hearing loss -LBW
40
What is the most common cause of stridor in neonates?
Laryngomalacia
41
What is a risk factor for surfactant-deficient lung disease in the newborn?
Maternal DM
42
What is a common complication following viral gastroenteritis?
Transient lactose intolerance
43
What is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in newborns?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
44
What congenital cardiac lesion presents with a collapsing pulse?
PDA
45
When should bow legs in a child resolve by?
4 years
46
What causes roseola infantum?
Herpes virus 6
47
What drugs should be strictly avoided in children with chicken pox and why?
NSAIDs --> risk of necrotising fasciitis
48
What head injury is the most likely cause of neonatal convulsions (in 48h of life)?
Intraventricular haemorrhage
49
What can weak femoral pulses in a 6 week-old baby be a sign of?
Major congenital heart abnormalities
50
What is an umbilical granuloma?
Overgrowth of tissue which occurs during the healing process of the umbilicus, common Small growth of red tissue, often leaks fluid
51
What is the recommended compression:ventilation ratio for neonates?
3:1
52
What genetic condition is most commonly associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis?
William's syndrome
53
What genetic condition is most commonly associated with mitral valve prolapse?
Fragile X
54
What condition is the most likely cause of neonatal hypotonia?
Prader-Willi syndrome
55
What is the gold-standard investigation for Meckel's diverticulum (in stable patients)
Technetium scan
56
What is a common complication / manifestation of JIA?
Uveitis (often more likely if ANA comes back positive)
57
How does meningitis management vary for children of different ages?
-If <3 months give CEFOTAXIME -If >3 months give CEFTRIAXONE
58
What test result indicates a diagnosis of asthma?
-Bronchodilator + reversibility >12% -FeNO >35 parts per billion
59
What is the most common causative pathogen of bacterial OM?
H influenza - only give abx if TM perforated or persistent symptoms
60
How should HSP be monitored?
Renal function and BP to detect renal involvement
61
How are inguinal hernias managed vs umbilical?
Inguinal --> repair ASAP Umbilical --> conservative management but should resolve by 4-5 yrs
62
What would bruising / bleeding in an exclusively breastfed infant indicate?
Vitamin K deficiency
63
What affect does Turner's have on FSH?
Increased FSH
64
How should a ?sarcoma be managed in primary care?
Refer for x-ray within 48h
65
What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?
Meningitis / meningococcal septicaemia + adrenal haemorrhage and septic shock
66
What is the most common extra-renal manifestation of polycystic kidney disease?
Hepatic cysts
67
What is Reye's syndrome?
Liver failure + encephalopathy following aspirin for viral infections PRESENTATION -Rash + fever consistent with chickenpox -Vomiting, lethargy -Liver biopsy to confirm
68
How does ITP present vs ALL
ALL = anaemia + neutropenia ITP = thrombocytopenia (commonly occurs after viral infection
69
What can be given to children to prevent recurrence of complex febrile seizures?
Rectal diazepam

Y4 Paeds CCs (25 decks)

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