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Passmed finals > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Umbilical granuloma features

A

Small red growth in belly button
Wet
Leaks fluid

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2
Q

Treatment of umbilical granuloma

A

Bit of salt on the wound regularly

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3
Q

When you ask about milestones, what should you also ask about?

A

Vaccinations

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4
Q

Instead of ‘do you smoke’ for children, what do you ask?

A

Does anyone smoke in the house

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5
Q

Important social questions to ask in paeds history

A

How is everything at home?

Is the child known to social services

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6
Q

A three day old Caucasian infant becomes jaundiced. Past medical history and birth history are both unremarkable. The infant is breast fed and appears well. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Breast milk jaundice
Caused by increased bilirubin uptake from the gut
Presents in the first 2 weeks

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7
Q

If a child is diagnosed with meningitis, what should everyone else in the household receive?

A

All household or close contacts should receive rifampicin as post-exposure prophylaxis

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8
Q

Features of meningitis

A 
HEADACHE
Nausea
Vomiting 
Photophobia
Withdrawn and unwell
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9
Q

What is the genetic reason for Prader-Wili and how does it present?

A 
Prada has no father 
The paternal gene is silenced
Present with hyperphagia 
Weight gain 
Learning difficulties
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10
Q

What are the pyramidal tracts?

A

They are the tracts of voluntary movement!

The corticospinal tract

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11
Q

What is the pathophysiology of spastic cerebral palsy?

A

This is the most common form of cerebral palsy

It presents with damage to the pyramidal pathways

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12
Q

How might spastic cerebral palsy present?

A

Damage to pyramidal pathways ( pyramidal weakness)
General features: clasp knife, flexed hip and elbow, ankle plantar flexion. In babies, may present with stiff legs and no attempt to weight bear
Spastic hemiplegia: Arm>leg, early hand preference

Spastic quadriplegia: Most severe, Associated with seizures, leg>arm

Spastic monoplegia: paralysis of 1 limb, usually an arm

Scissor walking

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13
Q

Features of roseola infantum

A

High fever
Fever subsides
Rash appears
Cervical lymphadenopathy

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14
Q

What causes roseola infantum?

A

HHV6

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15
Q

Common complication of roseola infantum?

A

Febrile convulsions

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16
Q

How do you ‘diagnose’ delayed puberty simply due to late bloom?

A

X-ray of hands to assess the age of the growth plates

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17
Q

Treatment of biliary atresia?

A

Kasai procedure

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18
Q

How might biliary atresia present?

A

Jaundice at a couple of weeks old

19
Q

How might a young child with UTI present?

A

Off their feeds
Pyrexia
Abdominal pain

20
Q

What can you use to collect a urine sample in young babies?

A

Urine collection pad

21
Q

A 13-year-old Afro-Caribbean boy presents to A&E with his parents as they are concerned that he has been complaining of pain in his chest and back. The pain started overnight and has progressively gotten worse

He is now struggling to breathe as the pain is worse on deep inspiration. He has a known diagnosis of sickle cell disease

Respiratory examination reveals bronchial breathing and crackles in the bases bilaterally

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Acute chest crisis

22
Q

Strep throat -> nephritic syndrome a few DAYS later =>

A

IgA nephropathy

23
Q

Strep throat -> nephritic syndrome a few WEEKS later =>

A

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

24
Q

Management of IgA nephropathy

A

Supportive measures and an ACE inhibitor
Fish oil containing omega-3
Corticosteroids
Patients with severe progressive glomerulonephritis may require immunosuppression

25
Q

If a young child has a UTI what should you attempt to rule out?

A

Sexual abuse

Vesicouretic reflux

26
Q

How do you test for vesicouretic reflux?

A

Micturating cystourethrogram

27
Q

How do you investigate for scarring of the ureters?

A

DMSA scan

28
Q

Causes of proximal myopathy (also think paediatrics)

A 
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
Polymyositis
Endocrine = hypo/hyperthyroid
Alcohol
Cancer 
HIV 
Steroids (remember to do an oral dexamethasone test)
29
Q

Symptoms of rubella infection

A 
Mild fever
Generalised rash
Lymphadenopathy
Conjunctivitis
Arthralgias or arthritis
30
Q

When should you perform an APGAR assessment in a newborn?

A

1 minute and 5 minutes

31
Q

Features of parvovirus infection

A 
Slapped, warm cheeks rash 
Lace-like rash over body
Fever
Diarrhoea 
Coryzal symptoms
32
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is asthma?

A

Type 1

33
Q

Features of caput succundeam

A

Cap on the babies head
CROSSES SUTURE LINES
It’s all good
Boggy swelling

34
Q

Features of a cephalohaematoma

A

Haemorrhage but doesn’t cross suture lines and isn’t pathological

35
Q

Features of measles

A

KOPLIK spots
Fever
URTI
Maculopapular rash spreading from the face

36
Q

Features of Scarlet Fever

A

S’s of Scarlet fever

Scarlet, strep, sandpaper, sore throat, strawberry tongue

37
Q

Features of osteosarcoma aswell as x-ray features

A

Features = bone pain and swelling
NIGHT PAIN
FLAWS
x-ray features = sunburst appearance of periosteum

38
Q

Hypsarrthymia
Fleshy nodules on torso
Seizure
Likely Dx

A

Tuberous sclerosis

39
Q

Management of necrotising enterocolitis

A

IV antibiotics
TPN
?surgery

40
Q

What type of seizure happens in children, often witnessed, at night and improves by puberty?

A

Benign rolandic epilepsy

41
Q

Screening blood level for acromegaly

A

IGF-1 levels

42
Q

Itchy round lesions all over the body, asymmetrical distribution, very itcy, DDx?

A 
Discoid eczema 
Guttate psoriasis (not usually itchy)
Tinea corporis (ringworm) (usually just one lesion)
43
Q

Cause of lyme disease

A

Boreilla

Passmed finals (17 decks)

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