Paeds Flashcards
Umbilical granuloma features
Small red growth in belly button
Wet
Leaks fluid
Treatment of umbilical granuloma
Bit of salt on the wound regularly
When you ask about milestones, what should you also ask about?
Vaccinations
Instead of ‘do you smoke’ for children, what do you ask?
Does anyone smoke in the house
Important social questions to ask in paeds history
How is everything at home?
Is the child known to social services
A three day old Caucasian infant becomes jaundiced. Past medical history and birth history are both unremarkable. The infant is breast fed and appears well. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Breast milk jaundice
Caused by increased bilirubin uptake from the gut
Presents in the first 2 weeks
If a child is diagnosed with meningitis, what should everyone else in the household receive?
All household or close contacts should receive rifampicin as post-exposure prophylaxis
Features of meningitis
HEADACHE Nausea Vomiting Photophobia Withdrawn and unwell
What is the genetic reason for Prader-Wili and how does it present?
Prada has no father The paternal gene is silenced Present with hyperphagia Weight gain Learning difficulties
What are the pyramidal tracts?
They are the tracts of voluntary movement!
The corticospinal tract
What is the pathophysiology of spastic cerebral palsy?
This is the most common form of cerebral palsy
It presents with damage to the pyramidal pathways
How might spastic cerebral palsy present?
Damage to pyramidal pathways ( pyramidal weakness)
General features: clasp knife, flexed hip and elbow, ankle plantar flexion. In babies, may present with stiff legs and no attempt to weight bear
Spastic hemiplegia: Arm>leg, early hand preference
Spastic quadriplegia: Most severe, Associated with seizures, leg>arm
Spastic monoplegia: paralysis of 1 limb, usually an arm
Scissor walking
Features of roseola infantum
High fever
Fever subsides
Rash appears
Cervical lymphadenopathy
What causes roseola infantum?
HHV6
Common complication of roseola infantum?
Febrile convulsions
How do you ‘diagnose’ delayed puberty simply due to late bloom?
X-ray of hands to assess the age of the growth plates
Treatment of biliary atresia?
Kasai procedure
How might biliary atresia present?
Jaundice at a couple of weeks old
How might a young child with UTI present?
Off their feeds
Pyrexia
Abdominal pain
What can you use to collect a urine sample in young babies?
Urine collection pad
A 13-year-old Afro-Caribbean boy presents to A&E with his parents as they are concerned that he has been complaining of pain in his chest and back. The pain started overnight and has progressively gotten worse
He is now struggling to breathe as the pain is worse on deep inspiration. He has a known diagnosis of sickle cell disease
Respiratory examination reveals bronchial breathing and crackles in the bases bilaterally
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute chest crisis
Strep throat -> nephritic syndrome a few DAYS later =>
IgA nephropathy
Strep throat -> nephritic syndrome a few WEEKS later =>
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Management of IgA nephropathy
Supportive measures and an ACE inhibitor
Fish oil containing omega-3
Corticosteroids
Patients with severe progressive glomerulonephritis may require immunosuppression
