Paeds

Question 1

age range croup

Answer 1

6 months - 3 years

Question 2

season croup is most common in ?

Answer 2

autumn

Question 3

symptoms croup

Answer 3

barking cough
stridor
fever
coryzal
increased WOB

Question 4

why should throat not be examined in croup?

Answer 4

due to risk of precipitating airway obstruction

Question 5

main pathogen croup

Answer 5

parainfluenza virus

Question 6

CKS advises admitting a child with croup with ANY of the following features? (4)

Answer 6

moderate/severe croup
<3 months of age
already known airway abnormalities
uncertainty over diagnosis

Question 7

features of moderate croup (5)

Answer 7

frequent barking cough
easily audible stridor at rest
suprasternal/sternal wall retraction
no - little distress/agitation
child placated + interested in surroundings

Question 8

features of severe croup (5)

Answer 8

frequent barking cough
prominent inspiratory +/- expiratory stridor
marked sternal wall retractions
significant distress/agitation or lethargy/restlessness
tachycardia

Question 9

xray findings for croup (note XR is not routinely used)

Answer 9

PA view
subglottic narrowing - ‘steeple sign’

Question 10

Mx croup

Answer 10

single dose PO dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg to ALL children with croup
can use pred if not available
high flow O2 + neb’d adrenaline in ED too

Question 11

causes of jaundice in the newborn - 0 - 24 hours (4)

Answer 11

rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO haemolytic disease
hereditary spherocytosis
glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase

Question 12

Causes of prolonged jaundice in the newborn- 14 days +

Answer 12

biliary atresia
hypothyroidism
galactosaemia
urinary tract infection
breast milk jaundice
prematurity
congenital infections e.g. CMV, toxoplasmosis

Question 13

why are premature babies more likely to be jaundiced?

Answer 13

due to immature liver function
increased risk of kernicteruss