ENT

Question 1

most common cause of otits media?

Answer 1

H influenza

Question 2

Mx of septal haematoma

Answer 2

urgent ENT review
surgical drainage
IV ABx

Question 3

what happens if septal haematoma is left untreated?

Answer 3

irreversible septal necrosis within 3-4 days
–> saddle shaped defect in nose

Question 4

drugs which cause gingival hyperplasia (4)

Answer 4

phenytoin
ciclosporin
CCB
AML (not a drug hehe!)

Question 5

mild OE treatment (ie no discharge/deafness)

Answer 5

Topical acetic acid 2% spray

Question 6

mod/severe OE treatment

Answer 6

7 days TO ABx +/- TO steroid

Question 7

bacterial causes of otitis externa

Answer 7

staph aureus
pseduomonas aeruginosa

Question 8

define primary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

Answer 8

6-8 hours post surgery

Question 9

Mx primary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

Answer 9

return to theatre

Question 10

define secondary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

Answer 10

5-10 days pot surgery

Question 11

cause of secondary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

Answer 11

wound infection

Question 12

Mx secondary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

Answer 12

ENT admission + Abx

Question 13

why are posterior nose bleeds more significant than anterior ones?

Answer 13

deeper vessels origin
higher risk of aspiration + airway compromise

Question 14

step by step mx of nose bleed

Answer 14

1) first aid
- sit with torso forward,mouth open
- pinch soft cartilage firmly for 20 mins, brathing through mouth
2) Topical antiseptic e.g. naseptin
3) cautery - 1st TO anaesthestic, wait 3-4 minute to take effect, then AgNO3 to cauterise bleeding point for 10s
4) nasal packing - again anaesthetise first
5) if all else fails - surgical Mx

Question 15

surgical Mx of nose bleed

Answer 15

sphenopalatine ligation

Question 16

first line Mx AOM

Answer 16

self limiting
consider alt if not self limiting after 3 days

Question 17

ABx Mx AOM

Answer 17

5-7 course of amox
erythromycin if pen allergic

Question 18

what % of AOM is viral?

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

audiometry findings presbycusis

Answer 19

bilateral hihg freq hearing loss

Question 20

inheritance pattern otosclerosis

Answer 20

autisoal dominant

Question 21

what is otosclerosis

Answer 21

replacement of normal bone by vascular pongy bone

Question 22

peak age glue ear

Answer 22

2 years old

Question 23

most common PS glue ear

Answer 23

hearing loss

Question 24

hearing loss frequency for noise induced hearing loss

Answer 24

3000-6000Hz

Question 25

Sx if acoustic neuroma affects CN VIII

Answer 25

hearing loss,vertigo
tinnitus

Question 26

Sx if acoustic neuroma affects CN V

Answer 26

absent corneal reflex

Question 27

Sx if acoustic neuroma affects CN VII

Answer 27

facial palsy

Question 28

which condition do you see bilateral acoustic neuromas in?

Answer 28

NFM 2

Question 29

how long for tymapanic membrane perforation not to have healed before considering referral to ENT

Answer 29

6 weeks

Question 30

what pathogen to suspect if recurrent OE not improving despite numerous ABx treatment?

Answer 30

candida albicans

Question 31

average age of onset BPPV

Answer 31

55

Question 32

what type of nystagmus is noted in BPPV

Answer 32

rotatory nystagmus towatd affected ear

Question 33

reocurrence rate BPPV after Tx

Answer 33

50% within 3-5 years of diagnosis

Question 34

which drug is most useful for preventing attqacks of menieres?

Answer 34

betahistine