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MSRA > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of otits media?

A

H influenza

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2
Q

Mx of septal haematoma

A

urgent ENT review
surgical drainage
IV ABx

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3
Q

what happens if septal haematoma is left untreated?

A

irreversible septal necrosis within 3-4 days
–> saddle shaped defect in nose

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4
Q

drugs which cause gingival hyperplasia (4)

A

phenytoin
ciclosporin
CCB
AML (not a drug hehe!)

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5
Q

mild OE treatment (ie no discharge/deafness)

A

Topical acetic acid 2% spray

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6
Q

mod/severe OE treatment

A

7 days TO ABx +/- TO steroid

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7
Q

bacterial causes of otitis externa

A

staph aureus
pseduomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

define primary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

A

6-8 hours post surgery

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9
Q

Mx primary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

A

return to theatre

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10
Q

define secondary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

A

5-10 days pot surgery

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11
Q

cause of secondary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

A

wound infection

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12
Q

Mx secondary haemorrhage post tonsillectomy

A

ENT admission + Abx

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13
Q

why are posterior nose bleeds more significant than anterior ones?

A

deeper vessels origin
higher risk of aspiration + airway compromise

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14
Q

step by step mx of nose bleed

A

1) first aid
- sit with torso forward,mouth open
- pinch soft cartilage firmly for 20 mins, brathing through mouth
2) Topical antiseptic e.g. naseptin
3) cautery - 1st TO anaesthestic, wait 3-4 minute to take effect, then AgNO3 to cauterise bleeding point for 10s
4) nasal packing - again anaesthetise first
5) if all else fails - surgical Mx

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15
Q

surgical Mx of nose bleed

A

sphenopalatine ligation

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16
Q

first line Mx AOM

A

self limiting
consider alt if not self limiting after 3 days

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17
Q

ABx Mx AOM

A

5-7 course of amox
erythromycin if pen allergic

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18
Q

what % of AOM is viral?

A

50%

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19
Q

audiometry findings presbycusis

A

bilateral hihg freq hearing loss

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20
Q

inheritance pattern otosclerosis

A

autisoal dominant

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21
Q

what is otosclerosis

A

replacement of normal bone by vascular pongy bone

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22
Q

peak age glue ear

A

2 years old

23
Q

most common PS glue ear

A

hearing loss

24
Q

hearing loss frequency for noise induced hearing loss

A

3000-6000Hz

25
Q

Sx if acoustic neuroma affects CN VIII

A

hearing loss,vertigo
tinnitus

26
Q

Sx if acoustic neuroma affects CN V

A

absent corneal reflex

27
Q

Sx if acoustic neuroma affects CN VII

A

facial palsy

28
Q

which condition do you see bilateral acoustic neuromas in?

A

NFM 2

29
Q

how long for tymapanic membrane perforation not to have healed before considering referral to ENT

A

6 weeks

30
Q

what pathogen to suspect if recurrent OE not improving despite numerous ABx treatment?

A

candida albicans

31
Q

average age of onset BPPV

A

55

32
Q

what type of nystagmus is noted in BPPV

A

rotatory nystagmus towatd affected ear

33
Q

reocurrence rate BPPV after Tx

A

50% within 3-5 years of diagnosis

34
Q

which drug is most useful for preventing attqacks of menieres?

A

betahistine

35
Q

> 4 w unexplained unilateral otalgia with unremarkable otoscopy mx?

A

2ww ENT

36
Q

what causes ramsay hunt syndrome

A

reactivation of VZV in the geniculate ganglion of CN VII

37
Q

symptoms of ramsay hunt syndrome

A

auricular pain 1st
then CN VII palsy
vesicular rash round ear
vertigo/tinnitus

38
Q

Mx ramsay hunt syndrome

A

PO aciclovir
corticosteroids

39
Q

Webers test in unilateral SNHL

A

lateralised to unaffected side

40
Q

webers test in unilateral CHL

A

lateralises to affected side

41
Q

Rinne’s test in CHL

A

Rinne’s ‘negative’
BC >AC

42
Q

cause of black hairy tongue

A

accumulation of keratinin and dead cells
staining from food/drink tobacco products

43
Q

Sx of black hairy tongue

A

tickling sensation or asymptomatic

44
Q

Mx of black hairy tongue

A

good oral hygiene

45
Q

appearance of hairy leukoplakia

A

white, corrugated lesions along border of tongue

46
Q

what conditions is hairy leukoplakia associated with?

A

immunosuppressed pt particularly those with HIV/AIDS

47
Q

which salivary glands have the most tumours?

A

parotid

48
Q

which salivary glands have the most stones?

A

submandibular

49
Q

what type of gland is a parotid gland

A

serous

50
Q

what type of gland is a submandibular gland

A

serous and mucous

51
Q

what type of gland is a sublingual gland

A

mucous

52
Q

what type of tumour makes up the majority of parotid tumours?

A

pleomorphic adenoma (80%)

53
Q

complications of thyroid surgery? (3)

A

damage to parathyroid glands –> hypocalcaemia –> QTC prolongation
rec laryngeal nn damage
bleeding –> haematoma –> laeryngeal oedema

54
Q
A

MSRA (7 decks)

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