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PPH 7 > Paediatrics - toddlers and children > Flashcards

Paediatrics - toddlers and children Flashcards

1
Q

Typical walking milestone?

A

19 months however earlier at

10-14 months is common

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2
Q

general rule for milestones for babies born prematurely at 35 weeks?

A

add 5 weeks to milestones

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3
Q

gross motor skill milestones for babies at 3 months?

A
  1. lying supine with head in midline
  2. no head lag when pulling from supine to sitting
  3. lift head when on tummy
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4
Q

when would it be expected for a baby to be crawling?

A

10-12 months

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5
Q

when would it be expected for a baby to be cruising on furniture?

A

1 year

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6
Q

fine motor skills at 3 months?

A
  • hands in mouth

- holding things without realising

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7
Q

fine motor skills at 6 months?

A
  • reaching/grasping objects and putting in mouth
  • transferring things from one hand to the other
  • poking and pointing with index finger (6-12)
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8
Q

when would it be expected for a baby to make coo noises

A

6 weeks

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9
Q

when would it be expected for a baby to be very vocal?

A

3 months

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10
Q

when would it be expected for a baby to start using words

A

9-10 months

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11
Q

Visual concerns: When to refer baby?

A
  • cannot see things or white/cloudy eyes
  • squints a lot after 3 months
  • baby not interested with whats going on around them
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12
Q

hearing concerns - when to refer:

A
  • not responding to sounds

- not interested in whats going on around them

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13
Q

MSK concerns when to refer:

A
  • not moving both arms and legs
  • not sitting by self by 10 months
  • not WB by 1 year
  • not holding head up on tummy at 3-4/12
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14
Q

What is a primitive reflex?

A

are the first part of the brain and CNS to develop that are normal in infants but not in adults

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15
Q

What causes primitive reflexes to be suppressed?

A

frontal lobe development as baby grows

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16
Q

what reflexes replace primitive reflexes?

A

postural reflexes

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17
Q

List the primitive reflexes?

A 
Rooting: cheek
Moro: startle
Walking/stepping
Babinski
Tonic neck reflex
Galant: hip swing (stroke back)
Grasp
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18
Q

general rule to treating retained primitive reflexes?

A

fatigue the reflex

- repetition > intensity

19
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

assymetrical or misshapen head

20
Q

when to be concerned about plagiocephaly?

A

if head doesnt go back to normal within 6 weeks

21
Q

treatment for plagiocephaly?

A
  • counterpositioning
  • increased tummy time
  • corrective helmets
22
Q

Genu Varus?

A

Bow legs

23
Q

Genu valgus?

A

knock knees

24
Q

At what age would a waddling type gait be an abnormal finding?

A

over 3 years old

25
Q

Osteosarcoma?

A

type of cancer that produces immature bone. Most common form of bone cancer and is usually found at the end of long bones usually around the knee

26
Q

typical features of an osteosarcoma

A
  • common in ages 10-25
  • pain and swelling over bone or joint
  • bone that breaks for no reason
27
Q

Ewings sarcoma:

A 
Type of cancer that forms in bone or ST.
SSx:
- swelling and pain at tumour site
- fever
- fracture
28
Q

where do ewings sarcomas usually form (general)

A

bone marrow and bone shaft

29
Q

common features of ewings sarcoma:

A
  • age 10-25
  • pain and swelling - worse at night
  • soft warm lump in legs, chest, arms
  • fever, tiredness, weight loss
30
Q

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia definition.

A

cancer that is characterised by an overproduction of immature WBcs.

31
Q

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia SSx

A

features include by slow healing, infections, unexplained bleeding or bruising.
anaemia

32
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma definition

A

an aggressive, highly malignant form of cancer that develops from skeletal muscle cells that have failed to fully differentiate

33
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma SSx

A

lump or swelling that keeps getting bigger.
bulging eye, HA, difficulty urinating or bowel movements

Often found in head, neck, trunk, extremities and GU system

34
Q

what is the difference between osteomyelitis and septic arthritis?

A

OM is an infection in the bone marrow

SA is an intraarticular infection

35
Q

What features would lead to suspicion of transient synovitis?

A
  • limp
  • recent history of viral URTI
  • decreased hip ROM especially IR
  • able to walk but painful
36
Q

What is perthes disease?

A

occurs when blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted. This leads to avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

37
Q

SSx of perthes disease?

A

gradual onset of pain in the hip +/- knee with limping, slow joint movements and wasting of thigh muscles

38
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

A

when the epiphyseal plate on femur slips down and backwards.

39
Q

what demographic is associated with SCFE?

A

boys

obesity

40
Q

SSx of SCFE?

A

slowly developing symptoms.
mimic a pulled muscle in the groin, hip, thigh or knee.
Apperent shortening of the femur

41
Q

Juvenile Arthritis:

A

umbrella term used to describe the many AI conditions that develop in children under 16

42
Q

SSx of juvenile arthritis?

A
  • joint pain
  • swelling
  • eye/skin/muscle/GI symptoms
43
Q

management for growing pains?

A

heat pack, panadol, massage

PPH 7 (3 decks)

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