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PPH 7 > Obstetrics Weeks 1-2 > Flashcards

Obstetrics Weeks 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 trimesters of pregnancy weeks?

A

1st: 1-12
2nd: 13-27
3rd: 28-birth (37-42)

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2
Q

what is the most accurate way of determining a due date?

A

ultrasound in first trimester

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3
Q

miscarriage definition?

A

loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation

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4
Q

What symptoms during pregnancy require emergency medical care?

A 
large clots
heavy bleeding
severe abdo pain
fever
dizziness
diarrhea
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5
Q

What hormonal changes occur during pregnancy?

A

Human chorionic gonadotrophin
Progesterone
Estrogen
Relaxin

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6
Q

morning sickness can be related to a rise i which hormone during pregnancy?

A

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

doubles every 2 days during first 10 weeks

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7
Q

what effect does a rise in progesterone have during pregnancy?

A
  • inhibits smooth muscle and increases ligament laxity
  • bowel muscles to relax and cartilage to soften
  • fatigue
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8
Q

what effect does a rise in estrogen have during pregnancy?

A

enables uterus and placenta to improve vascularisation

- milk duct development

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9
Q

what effect does a rise in relaxin have during pregnancy?

A

relaxes ligaments of cervix for birth

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10
Q

What are some key CV and respiratory changes that occur during pregnancy?

A

increase in:

  • plasma volume
  • cardiac output
  • metabolic rate
  • O2 consumption
  • glucose and insulin changes
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11
Q

What are the routine tests during pregnancy?

A
  • U/S at 11-13 and 20 weeks
  • BP
  • Blood tests
  • Urinalysis
  • GTT
  • Group B Streptococcus at 36 weeks
    (BBUUGG)
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12
Q

Serious conditions not to be missed during pregnancy?

A

3 x P, M and E

  • Preeclampsia
  • Premature rupture of membranes
  • Placental abruption
  • Miscarriage
  • Ectopic pregnancy
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13
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

when a fertilised egg implants itself outside the womb, usually in one of the fallopian tubes

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14
Q

key SSx of ectopic pregnancy?

A 
unilateral abdo pain
vaginal bleeding
bowel pain
shoulder tip pain
vomiting and diarrhea
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15
Q

key SSx of preeclampsia?

A
  • High BP
  • Protein in urine
    sudden face, hand or feet swelling
  • persistent HA, blurred vision
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16
Q

key signs of gestational diabetes?

A

increased thirst, urination and fatigue

17
Q

What nutrient when taken before conception can prevent 70% of neural tube defects?

A

folate: vegetables, fruit, nuts, seafood, meat and dairy

18
Q

foods to avoid during pregnancy?

A

Lysteria risk: deli meat, cheese, uncooked seafood
Salmonella
Mercury: certain types of fish

19
Q

what hormone inhibits uterine contractions?

A

Relaxin

20
Q

what hormone suppresses immune system of mother?

A

hCG

21
Q

when is a pregnancy considered a full term?

A

after 37 weeks

22
Q

what are the options for birth?

A

public maternity hospital
private obstetrician
private midwife
hone birth

23
Q

1st stage of labour?

A

first onset of contractions at 3 cm dilation to full dilation of cervix

24
Q

2nd stage of labour?

A

from full dilation (10cm) to birth

25
Q

3rd stage of labour?

A

delivery of placenta

26
Q

what is the optimal position of the baby for birth?

A

left occiput anterior

27
Q

Types of breech presentations?

A

Breech: head is superior
Frank
complete
footling

28
Q

non-medical pain relief during birth?

A

Tens
acupressure/massage
intradermal water injections

29
Q

medical pain relief during birth?

A

gas (nitrous oxide)
pethidine
epidural

30
Q

epidural?

A

An anesthetic injected into the epidural space surrounding the fluid-filled sac (the dura) around the spinal cord. It partially numbs the abdomen and legs and is most commonly used during childbirth

31
Q

induction of labour may involve?

A 
administration of prostaglandins or oxytocin
OR
manual rupturing the amniotic membranes
OR
cervical balloon catheter
32
Q

Episiotomy?

A

cut made into the perineum an posterior vaginal wall

33
Q

assisted delivery?

A

vaccum

forceps

34
Q

typical recovery time for C-section patients?

A

will need major abdo surgery

~ 6-8 weeks

35
Q

when can pelvic floor exercise be performed after delivery?

A

1-2 days after delivery

36
Q

diastasis recti:

A

2 or more finger spaces

abdominal separation

37
Q

what are the milestones needed for an infant to be allowed to go home from a neonatal nursery?

A 
breathe without oxygen
outgrow bradcardia/apnea
feed by mouth
maintain stable temp
hearing, car seat safety, heart disease screening

PPH 7 (3 decks)

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