Paediatrics - MIlestones, Screenings and Vaccinations Flashcards
When are the childhood screenings done
6-8 weeks
8 months
2 years
3-4 years
What is done at screenings
check milestones
check vaccinations
deliver health promotion and health and safety
target interventions and supervision to risk groups
What does school entry provide opportunity for
personal social and emotional development
physical development
communication skills (including hearing and vision assessment)
What are the milestones at 1 month
able to raise head form surface when lying on tummy
pays attention to someones face in their direct line of vision
moves arms and legs in an energetic manner
likes to be held and rocked
What are the milestones at 2 months
smiles and coos
rolls part way to side when lying on back
grunts and sighs when unhappy
What are the mile stones at 3 months
eyes follow a moving object
able to hold head erect
grasps objects when placed in their hand
babbles
What are the mile stones at 4 months
holds a rattle for an extended period of time
laughs out loud
sits supported for short periods of time
recognizes bottle and familiar faces
What are the milestones at 5 months
reaches for and holds objects
stands firmly when held
stretches our arms to be picked up
likes to play peek a boo
What are the milestones at 6 months
turnover from back to stomach
turns towards sounds
sits with a little support
persistently reaches for objects out of their reach
listens to own voice
crows and squeals
reaches for and grabs objects and brings them to mouth
holds sucks bites cookies or crackers, being chewing
What are milestones at 7 months
can transfer object from one hand to other
can sit for a few mins unsupported
pats and smiles at image in mirror
creeps (pulling body with arms and leg kicks)
is shy at first with strangers
What are milestones at 8 months
can sit steadily for about 5 minutes
crawls on hands and knees
grams things with thumb and first two fingers
likes to be near parent
What are the milestones at 9 months
says ma-ma or da-da repsonds ot name can stand for a short time able to hit two objects together on their own copies soudns
What are the mile stones at 10 months
able to pull self up at side of crib or playpen
can drink from a cup when it is held
What are the milestones at 11 months
can walk holding onto furniture
can find an object placed under another object
What are the milestones at 12 months
waves bye bye can walk with one hand held says 2 words besides mama and dada enjoys some solid foods finger feeds self likes to have an audience
What are the milestones at 15 months
walks by self stops creeping shows desires by pointing and gesturing scribbles on paper after shown begins using spoon cooperates with dressing
What are the milestones at 18 months
can build a tower with 3 blcoks likes to climb and take things apart can say 6 words tries to put on shows drinks form cup held in both hands likes to help parent
What are the milestones at 2 years
able to run walks up and down stairs using alternate feet says about 50 words sometimes uses 2 word sentences points to object in book
What are milestones at 3 years
can repeat 2 numbers in a row knows their own gender dresses self except for buttoning can copy a circle can follow 2 commands of on, under or behind knows most parts of the body jumps lifting both feed off ground can build tower with 9 blocks
What are milestones at 4 years
can repeat a simple 6 word sentence can wash hands and face without help can copy a cross can stand on one foot can catch a tossed ball
What are milestones at 5 years
can follow 3 commands
can copy a square
can skip
Why are vaccinations important
prevent certain infectious diseases where risk of vaccinations are lower than that of disease
reduces or eliminates infectious disease from community by reducing number of susceptible vectors
risks are population risks that are difficult to apply to an individual
What vaccines are available
diphtheria tetanus HIB typhoid polio BCG pertusis rota virus pneumococcus HPV measles mumps rubella hepatitis A hepatitis B meningitis B and C influenza varicella covid 19
What are recent changes to polio vaccine
previously oral
now inactivated polio vaccines
What are changes to meningitis vaccines
haemophilus influenza B
meninococcus
When is BCG vaccine given
shortly after birth if high risk
When is hep B vaccine given
not routine
normal in some other coutnires
3 diseases from 6 weeks of age
liver cancer protection
Why may some refuse childhood immunizations
religious or philosophical grounds
prevent painful assault on child
benefits don’t outweigh the risks
What questions should you ask yourself if there is refusal of childhood immunizations
does refusal put child at extreme personal risk (neglect)
does refusal put others at risk sufficient to warrant intervention on public health grounds
