Paediatrics in Primary Care Flashcards
What are the developmental milestones for gross movements?
Newborn
Limbs flexed, symmetrical pattern
Marked head lag on pulling up
6 – 8 weeks Raises head to 45 degrees in prone (tummy-time)
6 – 8 months Sits without support (initially with a round back, then eventually with a straight back by 8 months)
Limit age: 9 months
8 – 9 months Crawling
10 months
Stands independently
Cruises around furniture
12 months Walks unsteadily – a broad gait, with hands apart
Limit age: 18 months
15 months Walks steadily
2.5 years Runs and jumps
What are the developmental milestones for vision and fine movement?
6 weeks Follows moving object or face by turning the head (fixing and following)
Limit age: 3 months
4 months Reaches out for toys
Limit age: 6 months
4 – 6 months Palmar grasp
7 months Transfers toys from one hand to another
Limit age: 9 months
10 months Mature pincer grip
Limit age: 12 months
16 – 18 months Makes marks with crayons
14 months – 4 years
Brick building
Tower of three – 18 months
Tower of six – 2 years
Tower of eight or a train with four bricks – 2.5 years
Bridge (from a model) – 3 years
Steps (after demonstration) – 4 years
2 – 5 years Pencil skills (see below):
Drawing without seeing how it is done.
Can copy 6 months earlier.
Line – 2 years
Circle – 3 years
Cross – 3.5 years
Square – 4 years
Triangle – 5 years
What are the developmental milestones for speech, language and hearing?
Newborn Startles to loud noises
3 – 4 months Vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs “aa, aa”
7 months Turns to soft sounds out of sight
Polysyllabic babble (“babababa, lalalalala”)
7 – 10 months Sounds used indiscriminately at 7 months
Sounds used discriminately to parents at 10 months “Dada, Mama”
12 months Two to three words other than ‘Dada’ or ‘Mama’
Understands name “Drink”
18 months 6-10 words
Is able to show two parts of the body “Where is your nose?” – Baby will point
20 – 24 months Joins two or more words to make simple phrases “Give me teddy”
2.5 – 3 years Talks constantly in 3 – 4-word sentences
Understands 2 joined commands “Push me fast Daddy”
What are the developmental milestones for social, behavioural and emotional development?
6 weeks Smiles responsively
Limit age: 8 weeks
6 – 8 months Puts food in their mouth
10 – 12 months Waves bye-bye, plays peek-a-boo
12 months Drinks from a cup with two hands
18 months Holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth
18 – 24 months Symbolic play
Limit age: 2 – 2.5 years
2 years Toilet training: dry by day
Pulls off some clothing
2.5 – 3 years Parallel play
Interactive play evolving
Takes turns
