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Specialties > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the management for a child < 3 years presenting with an acute limp?

A

Urgent assessment

Higher risk of septic arthritis & transient synovitis uncommon in this age

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2
Q

Should you use bronchodilators in children with bronchiolitis?

A

No, NICE guidelines do not support the use of bronchodilators in children with bronchiolitis

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3
Q

A child presents with:
coryzal symptoms & mild fever which precedes:
dry cough
increasing breathlessness
wheezing (fine inspiratory crackles)
feeding difficulties associated with increasing dyspnoea

What is the diagnosis?

A

Bronchiolitis

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4
Q

What heart condition(s) would you expect in a patient with Turner Syndrome?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve
Aortic root dilatation
Coarctation of the aorta

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5
Q

A multiloculated and heterogenous cyst above the hyoid bone indicates…?

A

Dermoid cyst

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6
Q

A soft lump located in the posterior triangle which transilluminates indicates…?

A

Cystic hygroma

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7
Q

An anechoic neck lump located laterally indicates…?

A

Branchial cyst

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8
Q

Which vaccinations should a 2 month old child receive?

A

6 in 1
PCV
Oral rotavirus vaccine
Men B

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9
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis in a neonate presenting with multiple tiny white papules on their face?

A

Milia

Common & completely normal in neonates
Resolve spontaneously over a few weeks

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10
Q

A continuous blowing noise heard just below the clavicles is indicative of?

A

Venous hum - innocent murmur due to turbulent blood flow in the great veins returning to the heart

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11
Q

A low pitched sound heard at the lower left sternal edge is characteristic of?

A

Still’s murmur - innocent murmur heard in children

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12
Q

A baby with intestinal loops protruding from a hole in the abdomen LATERAL to the umbilicus who was born to a young mother who smoked and drank throughout pregnancy has…?

A

Gastroschisis

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13
Q

In omphalocele - where will the intestinal contents protrude?

A

Through the umbilicus itself

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14
Q

What is the treatment for suspected meningitis in children less than 3 months?

A

Cefotaxime + IV amoxicillin to cover for listeria

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15
Q

A nappy rash which spares the flexural creases is most likely caused by…?

A

Irritant dermatitis

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16
Q

At what age should a child be able to draw a circle?

A

3 years

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17
Q

At what age should a child be competent with a spoon and not spill from a cup?

A

2 years

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18
Q

What age would a child be expected to be able to jump?

A

36-48 months (3-4 years)

19
Q

From what age does hand dominance become apparent?

A

18-30 months

20
Q

What limb deformity is pes planus associated with?

A

Genu valgum (knock-knee)

21
Q

What is the term for a bow-legged limb deformity?

A

Genu varum

22
Q

What is the gold-standard treatment for transient synovitis?

A

NSAIDs

23
Q

What type of hip movement is reduced in transient synovitis?

A

Internal rotation

24
Q

Reossification of the femoral epiphysis on X-ray is suggestive of which condition?

A

Legg-Calve-Perthe’s disease

25
Q 
A child presenting with:
- sudden onset right leg pain
- temperature of 39 degrees
- tenderness on palpation
- swelling and erythema
- refusal to weight bear
is a classical history of which condition?
A

Osteomyelitis

26
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

A

Staph. aureus

Rx. with flucloxacillin

27
Q

What is the classic X-ray appearance of osteomyelitis?

A

Subperiosteal bone formation

28
Q

What is the first-line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

A

NSAIDs

29
Q

What is the likely cause of the rash in a child presenting with:

  • recent URTI
  • maculopapular non-blanching rash
  • temperature 39 degrees
  • tar-like stools?
A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

30
Q

What is the first line management for newborn jaundice?

A

Phototherapy

31
Q

What does the presence of ‘golf-balls’ on a blood film indicate?

A

Thalassaemia

32
Q

Which haematological condition is associated with skeletal abnormalities eg. frontal bossing?

A

Beta Thalassaemia

33
Q

Which factor is deficient in Haemophilia A?

A

Factor VIII

34
Q

What is the management for autoimmune thrombocytic purpura?

A

Platelet transfusion or immunoglobulin

35
Q

Which factor is deficient in Haemophilia B?

A

Factor IX

36
Q

Which haematological condition would demonstrate an increased APTT and bleeding time?

A

von Willebrand’s disease

37
Q

What clotting factors are deficient in von Willebrand’s disease?

A

von Willebrand Factor (vWF) & Factor VIII

38
Q

What is the treatment for von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Desmopressin immediately increases vWF & factor VIII

39
Q

The following are features of which condition:

  • hyperkalaemia
  • hyperuricaemia
  • hyperphosphataemia
  • hypocalcaemia
  • elevated serum urea
A

Acute tumour lysis syndrome

40
Q

Blast cells on blood film are characteristic of which condition?

A

Acute leukaemia

41
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells on histology are classical of which condition?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

42
Q

Which tumour type accounts for half of all brain tumours in children and arises from astrocytes?

A

Glioma

43
Q

Which tumour is a benign tumour associated with solid and cystic elements with calcification?

A

Craniopharyngioma

44
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice in treatment of pneumonia caused by mycoplasma in children?

A

Erythromycin

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