Paediatrics Flashcards
Symptoms of threadworms
Night time perianal itching caused by mucous produced by females when laying eggs
Can range from tickling to acute pain
Eliminate other worm infections and dermatitis
Must be visible signs of worms in faeces
Treatment for threadworms
HYGIENE Wash hands regularly especially before meals Keep nails short Wash bed linen as much as possible Wear underwear to bed Shower immediately on rising
MEBENDAZOLE - 2+ years - treat whole family - second course 2 weeks after first if reinfection is suspected
Symptoms of colic
Difficult to comfort Excessive gas Red face Clenched fist Knees drawn to chest Frowning High pitched cry Excessive crying
Key points for colic
Hold baby when crying Hold baby upright when feeding Use a fast flow teat if breastfeeding - holes in bottles to small may cause baby to swallow air Burp baby after meals Avoid caffeine if breastfeeding Gentle stomach back rubs Bath baby
Questions for parents colic
Cry quality - high pitched, clenched fist, knees to chest
History of crying - present for some time
Aggravating factors - hunger thirst trapped wind
Reassure parents it’s not their fault, baby will get better and to look after their well being
Treatment for colic
Lactose enzymes - colief
Simeticone - infacol
Nappy rash
Change dirty nappies as soon as possible
Leave nappy off for as long as possible each day
Do not use soaps bubble wash for cleaning baby
Avoid using talcum powder
Pat baby dry gently
Bath baby daily
Treatment
Apply Barrier cream - zinc and caster oil
Eliminate infection -clotrimazole
Symptoms and treatment for oral thrush
Patches that are irregular and vary in size that are difficult to remove
Usually causes some pain
Effects tounge and cheeks
Unusual in otherwise health adults so refer if them
Treatment - daktarin - 4-24 months 1.25ml four times a day
2+ years - 2.5 ml QDS after meals
Babies likely to get id immature immune system, recent antibiotic use (or by mum)
Steroid inhaler use
Head lice
LIVE LICE is prognostic
Not assosciated with poor hygiene Can’t jump or fly Not only in children Not from animals Do not need to keep child off school
Treatments - dry/ wet combing hair to ID lice
Then full marks headrin etc
Chicken pox symptoms
Early stages - fatigue high temp headaches muscles aching loss of appetite -
1) spots - 1-3 weeks after infection
2) Blisters- a few hours after the spots appear
3 scabs - after a few days
Infection is spread in fluid found in blisters and also in the droplets of coughs and sneezes of infected people
Infectious from 1-2 days before spots until ALL spots crust over
Treatment for chicken pox
Paracetamol - anti pyretic and pain killer
Lotions and creams - calamine is antipruritic
Piriton
NOT ibuprofen as increased risk of bacterial infection.
Fever symptoms
A temperate of 38 degrees or more
Management or a fever
Plenty of fluids
Anti pyretic - paracetamol
Meningitis symptoms
Tense / bulging soft spot on heads High temp Shivering Cold hands and feet Pin prick rash Vomiting and refusing to feed Irritable when picked up High pitched moan and cry Blotchy skin
REFER TO NEAREST A AND E ASAP
