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OSCEs > PAEDIATRICS > Flashcards

PAEDIATRICS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the notifiable diseases found in children?

A

Mumps

Measles

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2
Q

What are the referral symptoms for nappy rash?

A

Severe rash
Signs of bacterial infection
Treatment failure following 7 days of appropriate treatment.
Psoriasis

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3
Q

How should nappy rash be managed?

A 
Reduce skin irritation from the nappy. 
Barrier preparations, after every change. 
Sudocreme, Zinc and Castor oil. 
Metanium. 
Conotrane.
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4
Q

What advice should be given to parents concerned about nappy rash?

A

Avoid coarse toweling materials
Use quality nappies to maintain dry nappy/skin interface.
Change nappies frequently
Allow skin to breathe whenever possible
Avoid powder preparations - doesnt prevent nappy rash, avoid talcum powder.

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5
Q

Where is eczema normally found during infancy?

A

The face.

Affects limb flexures during childhood.

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of the varicella zoster virus?

A

Fever, headache and sore throat seen first followed a few days later by the characteristic rash.

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7
Q

What are the referral symptoms of chicken pox? [6]

A

Secondary infection caused by scratching.
Signs of chest infection.
Severely Ill
Any signs of chicken pox in pregnancy or new born babies

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8
Q

How should chicken pox be treated in children?

A

Antipyretics
Antihistamines
Calamine
Lifestyle advice

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9
Q

What is shingles?

A

May occur following a case of chicken pox.

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of shingles infection? [6]

A 
Fever
Cough and cold, hence referral symptoms of cough and cold for chicken pox. 
Sore throat: swollen lymph nodes.
Reddish eyes. 
Sensitivity to light. 
Koplik's spots.
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11
Q

How does a shingles rash progress?

A

Rash emerges which is red, confluent and starts at the hair line and progresses rapidly over 2404 hours to cover the whole body - lasting 3 days.

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps? [8]

A 
2 days of discomfort. 
Increasing temperature. 
Headache, earache, sore throat and pain on opening mouth. 
Jaw stiffness. 
Swollen parotid glands
Earlobes may stick out. 
Face will look swollen
Mild cases last 3-4 days, most cases 7 days or more.
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13
Q

How is mumps spread?

A

Virus thrives in the parotid salivary glands which lie in the cheeks just in front of ears.

Spread in saliva - close contact.

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14
Q

What are the treatment options for nits?

A

Three available:
Wet combing
Physical insecticide
Chemical insecticide

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of a threadworm infection? [4]

A

Night time perianal itching, ranging from local tingling to acute pain.
Sleep disturbances may occur due to itching.
Secondary infection could occur due to severe itching.
Worms can be present on stools.

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16
Q

How can threadworm be treated?

A

Mebendazole (Ovex) inhibits the worms uptake of glucose, causing immobility and death.

1 Dose stat and then repeat 2 weeks after if re-infestation is suspected.

17
Q

Who can not be treated for threadworm pharmacologically with mebendazole?

A

Under 2s.

Pregnant women.

18
Q

When should referral take place in the management of threadworm?

A

If treatment failure occurs after the two doses.

Signs of secondary infection.

19
Q

What advice should be given if a threadworm infection is present? [7]

A

Ensure strict personal hygiene.
Finger nails should be kept short and clean.
Careful washing and nail scrubbing prior to meals and after visiting the toilet.
Bed linen should be washed daily.
Underwear should be worn at night under bed clothes to help prevent scratching.
Have a bath or shower after waking up.
All family members should be treated.

20
Q

What are the referral symptoms in a patient suffering from a high temperature? [7]

A 
Under 3 months old. 
Child 3-6 months with fever over 39*C. 
Fever with no other symptoms. 
Patient has suffered febrile convulsions. 
Purpuric rash. 
Stiff neck. 
Duration of >5 days.
21
Q

Who cannot be treated pharmacologically for fever?

A

Under 3 months old.

22
Q

Paracetamol can be used to treat fever only in who?

A

those >3 months old.

23
Q

Ibuprofen can be used to treat fever only in who?

A

> 3 months old.

24
Q

Dimethicone products protect against what?

A

Water.

25
Q

How does Seborrhoeic nappy rash present?

A

Present in flexure.
Other sites affected.
Shiny or greasy.

26
Q

How should diarrhea in an infant be managed?

A

Good hygiene.
Careful sterilization of bottles if formula fed.
Give extra fluids - oral rehydration fluids in between feeds or after each watery stool.
Do not stop giving the baby milk - extra fluid as well as milk.
Don’t take the baby swimming in a swimming pool for two weeks after last episode of poo.

27
Q

How should children be treated for chicken pox?

A

Antipyretics
Antihistamines
Calamine.

28
Q

How is teething managed in infants?

A

Gentle rubbing on the gum with a clean finger.
Allow infant to bite on a cool clean object, teething ring or cold wet flannel.
Ibuprofen or paracetamol suspension.
Avoid choline salicylate products.
Consider a teething gel like bonjela teething gel.

29
Q

A 12 week old baby is presented in the pharmacy suffering from a cold. The baby has a very blocked nose and this is causing problems when feeding.
How should this be managed?

A

http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Pages/Childhoodillness.aspx

Nasal saline drops.
Inhalations such as Olbas for babies.
Paracetamol or ibuprofen suspension.
Self-care e.g. propping baby up in the cot, plenty of fluids, monitor temperature, feed as needed and put baby in a steamy room to help breathing.

30
Q

Would a child presenting with psoriasis be referred?

A

yes

31
Q

What should not be used to treat candida nappy rash?

A

A barrier cream because it will lock in moisture and trap fungi.

32
Q

What is the age limit for topical corticosteroids?

A

10 years

33
Q

What are kopliks spots?

A

Spots in the mouth that can occur prior to rash forming in measles. Hence referral symptom if present in ‘chicken pox’

34
Q

Hedrin is what?

A

Physical insecticide

35
Q

Malthione is what?

A

Chemical insecticide.

36
Q

Where are the four places temperature should be taken?

A

Mouth
Rectum
Ear
Underarm

37
Q

How can a chesty/dry cough be treated in infants?

A

Calcough infant.
3 months to 1 year: 5ml tds
1-5yrs: 10ml tds

38
Q

Which is more severe: episcleritis or scleritis?

A

Scleretitis

OSCEs (10 decks)

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