First Year/ General Flashcards
What are the symptoms of a tension headache?
Tightness or weight pressing on head.
When should any headaches be referred?
Unresponsive to treatment or related to trauma
What questions should be asked of someone with a headache?
Onset Frequency/timing Location Severity Triggers Duration Associated symptoms
How can tension headaches be treated?
Syndol Feverfew Massage Acupuncture Levomenthol Food diary!?!?!
What is the first line treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea?
NSAIDS
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
What are the second line treatments of primary dysmenorrhoea?
Codeine added to paracetamol.
What are the non-pharmacological treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea?
Massage Yoga Meditation Exercise Heat compress Hot water bottle Smoking cessation
Which migraine treatment is only for those aged between 18-65 years?
Imigran recovery.
Has a separate checklist of things to go through.
How are sprains treated?
PRICE Protection Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Avoid HARM Heat Alcohol Running Massage
Analgesics
When should back pain be referred?
Pain from structures above the lower back region.
Bowel or bladder incontinence
Failure to imporve after 10-14 days.
Numbness
Patients younger 20 and older than 60 years
Persistent and progressively worse pain.
Athletes.
What oil can be offered to those suffering from toothache?
Refer to dentist in all cases.
Clove oil has local pain relieving effect, only temporary relief.
What are the three types of headache?
Tension
Migraine
Cluster
Which types of headache can be unilateral?
Migraine and cluster
Why is unilateral discharge during a cold etc a referral symptom?
Could be indicative of structural deformity of nasal passage.
What is the first line treatment for a migraine?
Simple analgesics.
Antiemetics if needed.
Migraleve, Buccastem.
What is the active ingredient in 4head?
Lavender and peppermint oil.
Triptan is what line treatment for migraine?
Second line.
What can TENS be used to treat?
Period pain.
What are the 3 anti-motility drugs used in diarrhoea management?
Loperamide
Bismuth
Kaolin
PPIs can be used to treat
Heartburn symptoms
Indigestion
Can lactulose be used in IBS patients?
No
Should acupuncture or reflexology be considered for use in IBS management?
No
What three types of drugs should be ruled out as the cause of a cough?
NSAIDS
Beta blockers
ACEI
What type of medication is benylin chesty?
It is an expectorant, used to remove mucus from airways.
What are three cough suppressants available?
Codiene
Pholcodeine
Dextomethorphan
What is a named demulcent?
Simple linctus - honey and lemon.
Codeine containing products can only safely be used in
over 18s
Benzydamine
An anti-inflammatory agent that can be used in sore throats.
How do decongestants work?
Constrict the dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa.
SHOULD NOT BE USED IN GLAUCOMA, HYPERTENSION, etc.
What three products could be used to treat ear wax compaction?
Otex ear drops
Earex
Cerumol ear drops
What three treatment options are there for otitis externa?
Choline salicylates - Earex, avoid.
Acetic acid - ear calm
Antihistamines.
Can lactulose be used in crohns?
Nope. Osmotic agents should not be used. Choose bulk agent instead.
Can Amitriptyline be used in patients who are taking amiodorane?
Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant which should be avoided in patients with cardiovascular disease owing to the risk of arrhythmias. Furthermore, co-administration of amitriptyline and amiodarone will increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in particular.
Why are quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, contraindicated in epileptics?
They can lower the seizure threshold.
Ringworm does not commonly affect:
Face Hands Feet Groin (jock itch) Scalp
Cause of warts and verrucas:
Human Papilloma Virus
After how long should a diabetic be referred to the GP when suffering with diarrhoea?
24 hours
What are the referral symptoms for IBS?
Blood in stools, under 16 years old. Over 45 years old. No history of IBS. Fever Nausea and vomitting Severe stomach pain
Why is coloured sputum a referral for coughs? (not red coloured/from blood)
Could be indicative of an infection.
What are the referral symptoms for someone with hayfever/allergic rhinitis?
Wheezing
Treatment failure
Unilateral discharge especially in children
What antihistamines for treating hayfever are sedating?
Chlorphenamine
Non-sedating are loratidine, cetirizine, acrivastine.
What type of water should be used to reconstitute ORT for those younger than 1 years old?
Recently boiled and cooled water.
Loperamide may not be recommended for use in children below what age?
12 years old.
What types of food is it best to avoid when managing diarrhoea?
Fatty and those with high sugar contents.
Why is worsening abdominal pain, particularly in the lower right side of the abdomen, a referral sign in diarrhoea?
Acute appendicitis.
What questions should always be asked to those suffering from GI disturbances?
Recent foreign travel.
Why are the following all referral symptoms?
Abdominal pain [which may ease following bowel movement]
Abdominal distension/bloating and disturbance of bowel habit.
All symptoms of IBS
What are the referral symptoms for haemorrhoids?
>3 weeks Presence of blood in stools Change in bowel habit (persisting alteration from normal bowel habit) Suspected drug induced Associated abdominal pain/vomiting
For how long can topical local anaesthetics be used to treat haemorrhoids?
2 weeks max.
Topical steroids to treat haemorrhoids should not be used for longer than how long?
7 days continuously
