First Year/ General

Question 1

What are the symptoms of a tension headache?

Answer 1

Tightness or weight pressing on head.

Question 2

When should any headaches be referred?

Answer 2

Unresponsive to treatment or related to trauma

Question 3

What questions should be asked of someone with a headache?

Answer 3

Onset
Frequency/timing
Location
Severity
Triggers
Duration
Associated symptoms

Question 4

How can tension headaches be treated?

Answer 4

Syndol
Feverfew
Massage
Acupuncture
Levomenthol 
Food diary!?!?!

Question 5

What is the first line treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea?

Answer 5

NSAIDS
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

Question 6

What are the second line treatments of primary dysmenorrhoea?

Answer 6

Codeine added to paracetamol.

Question 7

What are the non-pharmacological treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea?

Answer 7

Massage
Yoga
Meditation 
Exercise
Heat compress
Hot water bottle 
Smoking cessation

Question 8

Which migraine treatment is only for those aged between 18-65 years?

Answer 8

Imigran recovery.

Has a separate checklist of things to go through.

Question 9

How are sprains treated?

Answer 9

PRICE
Protection 
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation 

Avoid HARM
Heat
Alcohol 
Running
Massage 

Analgesics

Question 10

When should back pain be referred?

Answer 10

Pain from structures above the lower back region.
Bowel or bladder incontinence
Failure to imporve after 10-14 days.
Numbness
Patients younger 20 and older than 60 years
Persistent and progressively worse pain.
Athletes.

Question 11

What oil can be offered to those suffering from toothache?

Answer 11

Refer to dentist in all cases.

Clove oil has local pain relieving effect, only temporary relief.

Question 12

What are the three types of headache?

Answer 12

Tension
Migraine
Cluster

Question 13

Which types of headache can be unilateral?

Answer 13

Migraine and cluster

Question 14

Why is unilateral discharge during a cold etc a referral symptom?

Answer 14

Could be indicative of structural deformity of nasal passage.

Question 15

What is the first line treatment for a migraine?

Answer 15

Simple analgesics.
Antiemetics if needed.
Migraleve, Buccastem.

Question 16

What is the active ingredient in 4head?

Answer 16

Lavender and peppermint oil.

Question 17

Triptan is what line treatment for migraine?

Answer 17

Second line.

Question 18

What can TENS be used to treat?

Answer 18

Period pain.

Question 19

What are the 3 anti-motility drugs used in diarrhoea management?

Answer 19

Loperamide
Bismuth
Kaolin

Question 20

PPIs can be used to treat

Answer 20

Heartburn symptoms

Indigestion

Question 21

Can lactulose be used in IBS patients?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Should acupuncture or reflexology be considered for use in IBS management?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What three types of drugs should be ruled out as the cause of a cough?

Answer 23

NSAIDS
Beta blockers
ACEI

Question 24

What type of medication is benylin chesty?

Answer 24

It is an expectorant, used to remove mucus from airways.

Question 25

What are three cough suppressants available?

Answer 25

Codiene Pholcodeine Dextomethorphan

Question 26

What is a named demulcent?

Answer 26

Simple linctus - honey and lemon.

Question 27

Codeine containing products can only safely be used in

Answer 27

over 18s

Question 28

Benzydamine

Answer 28

An anti-inflammatory agent that can be used in sore throats.

Question 29

How do decongestants work?

Answer 29

Constrict the dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. | SHOULD NOT BE USED IN GLAUCOMA, HYPERTENSION, etc.

Question 30

What three products could be used to treat ear wax compaction?

Answer 30

Otex ear drops Earex Cerumol ear drops

Question 31

What three treatment options are there for otitis externa?

Answer 31

Choline salicylates - Earex, avoid. Acetic acid - ear calm Antihistamines.

Question 32

Can lactulose be used in crohns?

Answer 32

Nope. Osmotic agents should not be used. Choose bulk agent instead.

Question 33

Can Amitriptyline be used in patients who are taking amiodorane?

Answer 33

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant which should be avoided in patients with cardiovascular disease owing to the risk of arrhythmias. Furthermore, co-administration of amitriptyline and amiodarone will increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in particular.

Question 34

Why are quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, contraindicated in epileptics?

Answer 34

They can lower the seizure threshold.

Question 35

Ringworm does not commonly affect:

Answer 35

``` Face Hands Feet Groin (jock itch) Scalp ```

Question 36

Cause of warts and verrucas:

Answer 36

Human Papilloma Virus

Question 37

After how long should a diabetic be referred to the GP when suffering with diarrhoea?

Answer 37

24 hours

Question 38

What are the referral symptoms for IBS?

Answer 38

``` Blood in stools, under 16 years old. Over 45 years old. No history of IBS. Fever Nausea and vomitting Severe stomach pain ```

Question 39

Why is coloured sputum a referral for coughs? (not red coloured/from blood)

Answer 39

Could be indicative of an infection.

Question 40

What are the referral symptoms for someone with hayfever/allergic rhinitis?

Answer 40

Wheezing Treatment failure Unilateral discharge especially in children

Question 41

What antihistamines for treating hayfever are sedating?

Answer 41

Chlorphenamine | Non-sedating are loratidine, cetirizine, acrivastine.

Question 42

What type of water should be used to reconstitute ORT for those younger than 1 years old?

Answer 42

Recently boiled and cooled water.

Question 43

Loperamide may not be recommended for use in children below what age?

Answer 43

12 years old.

Question 44

What types of food is it best to avoid when managing diarrhoea?

Answer 44

Fatty and those with high sugar contents.

Question 45

Why is worsening abdominal pain, particularly in the lower right side of the abdomen, a referral sign in diarrhoea?

Answer 45

Acute appendicitis.

Question 46

What questions should always be asked to those suffering from GI disturbances?

Answer 46

Recent foreign travel.

Question 47

Why are the following all referral symptoms? Abdominal pain [which may ease following bowel movement] Abdominal distension/bloating and disturbance of bowel habit.

Answer 47

All symptoms of IBS

Question 48

What are the referral symptoms for haemorrhoids?

Answer 48

``` >3 weeks Presence of blood in stools Change in bowel habit (persisting alteration from normal bowel habit) Suspected drug induced Associated abdominal pain/vomiting ```

Question 49

For how long can topical local anaesthetics be used to treat haemorrhoids?

Answer 49

2 weeks max.

Question 50

Topical steroids to treat haemorrhoids should not be used for longer than how long?

Answer 50

7 days continuously