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OSCEs > First Year/ General > Flashcards

First Year/ General Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of a tension headache?

A

Tightness or weight pressing on head.

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2
Q

When should any headaches be referred?

A

Unresponsive to treatment or related to trauma

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3
Q

What questions should be asked of someone with a headache?

A 
Onset
Frequency/timing
Location
Severity
Triggers
Duration
Associated symptoms
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4
Q

How can tension headaches be treated?

A 
Syndol
Feverfew
Massage
Acupuncture
Levomenthol 
Food diary!?!?!
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5
Q

What is the first line treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea?

A

NSAIDS
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

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6
Q

What are the second line treatments of primary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Codeine added to paracetamol.

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7
Q

What are the non-pharmacological treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea?

A 
Massage
Yoga
Meditation 
Exercise
Heat compress
Hot water bottle 
Smoking cessation
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8
Q

Which migraine treatment is only for those aged between 18-65 years?

A

Imigran recovery.

Has a separate checklist of things to go through.

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9
Q

How are sprains treated?

A 
PRICE
Protection 
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation 
Avoid HARM
Heat
Alcohol 
Running
Massage

Analgesics

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10
Q

When should back pain be referred?

A

Pain from structures above the lower back region.
Bowel or bladder incontinence
Failure to imporve after 10-14 days.
Numbness
Patients younger 20 and older than 60 years
Persistent and progressively worse pain.
Athletes.

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11
Q

What oil can be offered to those suffering from toothache?

A

Refer to dentist in all cases.

Clove oil has local pain relieving effect, only temporary relief.

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12
Q

What are the three types of headache?

A

Tension
Migraine
Cluster

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13
Q

Which types of headache can be unilateral?

A

Migraine and cluster

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14
Q

Why is unilateral discharge during a cold etc a referral symptom?

A

Could be indicative of structural deformity of nasal passage.

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15
Q

What is the first line treatment for a migraine?

A

Simple analgesics.
Antiemetics if needed.
Migraleve, Buccastem.

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16
Q

What is the active ingredient in 4head?

A

Lavender and peppermint oil.

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17
Q

Triptan is what line treatment for migraine?

A

Second line.

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18
Q

What can TENS be used to treat?

A

Period pain.

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19
Q

What are the 3 anti-motility drugs used in diarrhoea management?

A

Loperamide
Bismuth
Kaolin

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20
Q

PPIs can be used to treat

A

Heartburn symptoms

Indigestion

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21
Q

Can lactulose be used in IBS patients?

A

No

22
Q

Should acupuncture or reflexology be considered for use in IBS management?

A

No

23
Q

What three types of drugs should be ruled out as the cause of a cough?

A

NSAIDS
Beta blockers
ACEI

24
Q

What type of medication is benylin chesty?

A

It is an expectorant, used to remove mucus from airways.

25
Q

What are three cough suppressants available?

A

Codiene
Pholcodeine
Dextomethorphan

26
Q

What is a named demulcent?

A

Simple linctus - honey and lemon.

27
Q

Codeine containing products can only safely be used in

A

over 18s

28
Q

Benzydamine

A

An anti-inflammatory agent that can be used in sore throats.

29
Q

How do decongestants work?

A

Constrict the dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa.

SHOULD NOT BE USED IN GLAUCOMA, HYPERTENSION, etc.

30
Q

What three products could be used to treat ear wax compaction?

A

Otex ear drops
Earex
Cerumol ear drops

31
Q

What three treatment options are there for otitis externa?

A

Choline salicylates - Earex, avoid.
Acetic acid - ear calm
Antihistamines.

32
Q

Can lactulose be used in crohns?

A

Nope. Osmotic agents should not be used. Choose bulk agent instead.

33
Q

Can Amitriptyline be used in patients who are taking amiodorane?

A

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant which should be avoided in patients with cardiovascular disease owing to the risk of arrhythmias. Furthermore, co-administration of amitriptyline and amiodarone will increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in particular.

34
Q

Why are quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, contraindicated in epileptics?

A

They can lower the seizure threshold.

35
Q

Ringworm does not commonly affect:

A 
Face 
Hands
Feet
Groin (jock itch)
Scalp
36
Q

Cause of warts and verrucas:

A

Human Papilloma Virus

37
Q

After how long should a diabetic be referred to the GP when suffering with diarrhoea?

A

24 hours

38
Q

What are the referral symptoms for IBS?

A 
Blood in stools, 
under 16 years old. 
Over 45 years old. 
No history of IBS. 
Fever
Nausea and vomitting 
Severe stomach pain
39
Q

Why is coloured sputum a referral for coughs? (not red coloured/from blood)

A

Could be indicative of an infection.

40
Q

What are the referral symptoms for someone with hayfever/allergic rhinitis?

A

Wheezing
Treatment failure
Unilateral discharge especially in children

41
Q

What antihistamines for treating hayfever are sedating?

A

Chlorphenamine

Non-sedating are loratidine, cetirizine, acrivastine.

42
Q

What type of water should be used to reconstitute ORT for those younger than 1 years old?

A

Recently boiled and cooled water.

43
Q

Loperamide may not be recommended for use in children below what age?

A

12 years old.

44
Q

What types of food is it best to avoid when managing diarrhoea?

A

Fatty and those with high sugar contents.

45
Q

Why is worsening abdominal pain, particularly in the lower right side of the abdomen, a referral sign in diarrhoea?

A

Acute appendicitis.

46
Q

What questions should always be asked to those suffering from GI disturbances?

A

Recent foreign travel.

47
Q

Why are the following all referral symptoms?
Abdominal pain [which may ease following bowel movement]
Abdominal distension/bloating and disturbance of bowel habit.

A

All symptoms of IBS

48
Q

What are the referral symptoms for haemorrhoids?

A 
>3 weeks
Presence of blood in stools 
Change in bowel habit (persisting alteration from normal bowel habit)
Suspected drug induced 
Associated abdominal pain/vomiting
49
Q

For how long can topical local anaesthetics be used to treat haemorrhoids?

A

2 weeks max.

50
Q

Topical steroids to treat haemorrhoids should not be used for longer than how long?

A

7 days continuously

OSCEs (10 decks)

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