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General Medicine > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatal heart rate

A

110-160

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2
Q

Neonatal respiratory rate

A

40-60

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3
Q

Neonatal systolic BP

A

70

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4
Q

Heart rate of 1-5yo

A

95-140

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5
Q

Respiratory rate of 1-5yo

A

25-35

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6
Q

Systolic BP of 1-5yo

A

80-90

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7
Q

Heart rate of 5-12yo

A

80-120

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8
Q

Respiratory rate of 5-12yo

A

20-25

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9
Q

Systolic BP of 5-12yo

A

90-110

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10
Q

Respiratory rate of >12yo

A

12-18

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11
Q

Heart rate of >12yo

A

60-100

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12
Q

Systolic BP of >12yo

A

100-120

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13
Q

Causes of Unconjugated jaundice within 1st 24 hours of life

A

Haemolytic disorders

- ABO incompatibility
- Rh disease
- G6PD deficiency
- spherocytosis
- pyruvate kinase deficiency
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14
Q

Causes of conjugated jaundice within 1st 24hours of life

A

Rare - congenital infections

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15
Q

Causes of Unconjugated jaundice after 1st 24 hours but lasting a few weeks only

A 
Physiological jaundice
Breast milk jaundice
Cephalohaematoma
Infection (esp UTI) 
Haemolytic anaemia
Hypothyroidism 
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
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16
Q

Causes of conjugated jaundice after 1st 24 hours but lasting a few weeks only

A 
Bile duct obstruction
   - biliary atresia
   - choledochal cyst
Neonatal hepatitis syndrome
   - congenital infection
   - alpha1 anti-trypsin deficiency 
   - galactosaemia
   - inborn error of metabolism
   - CF
Intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia
   - Alagille syndrome
17
Q

Causes of Unconjugated jaundice lasting >2weeks

A 
Physiological jaundice
Breast milk jaundice
Infection
Hypothyroidism
Haemolytic anaemia
High GI obstruction 
    - pyloric stenosis
18
Q

Causes of conjugated jaundice lasting >2weeks

A 
Bile duct obstruction
    - biliary atresia
    - choledochal cyst
Neonatal hepatitis syndrome
   - congenital infection
   - alpha1 anti-trypsin deficiency 
   - galactosaemia
   - inborn error of metabolism
   - CF
Intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia
   - Alagille syndrome
19
Q

Emergency management of asthma

A

High flow O2
Salbutamol (5mg) nebulised on 02
Ipratropium bromide (0.5mg) nebulised on O2
IV hydrocortisone (100mg) / PO prednisone (40mg)
IV salbutamol or aminophylline
IV Magnesium
ICU - intubate and ventilate

20
Q

Define infantile colic

A 
Distressed/crying infant for :
> 3 weeks 
for >3 hours / day 
for >3 days / week
In an otherwise healthy infant. 
Common.
21
Q

Syx of infantile colic

A

Inconsolable crying
Red face
Drawing up knees
Flatus

22
Q

DDX of infantile colic - to exclude

A 
Physical discomfort - cold, wet, hungry
Severe nappy rash
Corneal abrasion 
Intussusception
Volvulus
Strangulated hernia
Testicular torsion
NAI
23
Q

Managing infantile colic

A

Support parent + ease concerns
Advice regarding feeding regieme, room temperature, clothing
Substitute cows milk with soya milk

Simethicone may help syx

24
Q

Congenital cyanotic heart diseases

A

Tetralogy of fallot

Transposition of the great arteries

25
Q

Congenital non-cyanotic heart disease

A 
Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic stenosis
PDA
VSD
ASD
26
Q

Presentations of croup

A 
Starts as viral URTI
Progresses to include barking cough
Hoarseness.
Syx worse at night.
Stridor may be heard at rest or when the child is agitated.
27
Q

At what age can a newborn smile spontaneously

A

6 weeks

28
Q

What could cause a child to have peeling skin on the palms and soles

A

Kawasaki’s

29
Q

What is talipes equinovarus

A

Club foot

Foot is inverted and plantar flexed

30
Q

Commonest cause of recurrent epistaxis in children

A

Nose picking

31
Q

Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip

A 
Family history
Breech delivery
Spinal abnormality
Neuromuscular abnormality
Oligohydramnios
32
Q

Presentation of developmental dysplasia of the hip

A 
Neonatal screening
Asymmetrical skin creases
Limited abduction
Shortening of the limb
Limp
33
Q

Presentation of posterior urethral valve

A

Male only

Urinary tract obstruction

34
Q

What bacteria causes meningitis In neonates

A

Group B streptococcus

Listeria

35
Q

What bacteria causes meningitis In children

A

Haemophilus Influenza
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae

36
Q

Genetic inheritance of achondroplasia

A

autosomal dominant with complete penetrance

but > 80% of cases are spontaneous mutations

General Medicine (25 decks)

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