Infectious Disease Flashcards by Rachel Barlow-Evans

What does the hepatitis B vaccine contain

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

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Transmission of hepatitis B

Blood

Sex

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After hepatitis B vaccination what can be detected in the blood

Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)

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How do you distinguish between hepatitis B vaccination and previous hepatitis B infection from serology

Hepatitis B vaccine produces HBsAb only.

Pervious hepatitis B infection produces HBsAb and HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen)

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What does hepatitis B surface antigen suggest

Active hepatitis B infection - within 4 weeks (earliest marker)
It is not detected from vaccination

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What serological marker indicates chronic hepatitis B

HBsAg at 6m or more after initial infection.

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Risks of chronic hepatitis

Liver cirrhosis
Liver failure
Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Treatment of chronic hepatitis

Interferon-alpha
Peg interferon-alpha2a
Lamivudine
(Liver transplant)

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What does hepatitis B e antigen on serology suggest

High level of infectivity

Can occur in acute or chronic hepatitis B infection.

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What causes scabies

Sarcoptes scabiei - mite that burrows into the skin. F lays her eggs here. –> intense itch, worse at night

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Management of scabies

Topical malathion or permethrin

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Presentation of scabies

Commonly affects finger web spaces, sides of fingers, flexor surface of wrist, penis

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Transmission of hepatitis A

Faecal-oral

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Presentation of hepatitis A

Non-specific illness
lethargy
jaundice

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Earliest serological marker of acute infection in hepatitis A

Hepatitis A immunoglobulin M Ab

Hep A IgM

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What do hepatitis A IgG antibodies indicate?

Previous hepatitis A infection

Usually conveys immunity to hepatitis A

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How is hepatitis C transmitted

Sex

Blood

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Presentation of hepatitis C infection

Acute infection normally silent - asymptomatic

Chronic infection occurs in 85% –> risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma

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Symptoms of glandular fever

Sore throat 
Swollen lymph nodes
Flu-like symptoms
Malaise 
Swelling around eyes
Splenomegally

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Where does campylobacter jejuni come from and what are the symptoms

Contaminated food
Unpasteurised milk

Profuse bloody diarrhoea, containing pus

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What type of meningitis affects patient with HIV

Cryptococcus neoformans

Features of HIV seroconversion

Flu-like illness

At what CD4 count can AIDS defining illness occur

CD4 count <200

At what CD4 count is antiretroviral therapy started

CD4 count of 350

In HIV treatment what viral load is the aim of treatment

Viral load <50 copies /ml

In what infection do 'owls eye' bodies occur

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

What organism causes kaposi's sarcoma

Human herpes 8

Examples of viral haemorrhagic fevers

Ebola Lassa fever Marburg Yellow fever

Symptoms of pertussis

``` Coryza Mild fever Cough - becomes violent whooping Vomiting Respiratory distress ```

Symptoms of tetanus

Rigid jaw muscles Dysphagia Neck/back / chest / abdominal muscle spasm

What infection causes a rash with ampicillin

EBV

Conditions caused by EBV

Glandular fever Burkitts lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Hodgkin's lymphoma

Cause of slapped cheek rash

Parvovirus B19 | 5th disease

Symptoms of herpes simplex 1

Cold sores Gingivostomatitis Herpetic whitlow Eczema herpeticum

Where does leishmaniasis come from

Sand fly Protozoa

What causes listeriosis and what are the symptoms

Contaminated soft cheese / pâté Fever / myalgia / diarrhoea Miscarriage / stillbirth if pregnant

Where does leptospirosis come from?

Rat or cow urine in water Watersports Farm work

Symptoms of mumps

``` Parotid gland swelling Headache Arthralgia Nausea Fever Dry mouth Fatigue Orchitis (20%) ```

Symptoms of rubella

``` Mild illness Fine red maculopapular rash Fever Sore throat Conjunctivitis Lymphadenopathy ```

Symptoms of measles

Fever Cough Rash ( head / neck 1st) Koplicks spots on Buccal mucosa

Common wound infections

Staph aureus Staph epidermidis E. coli Enterococci

Infections common in asplenic patients

Strep pneumonia N. meningitidis H. Influenzae Malaria

Examples of oncoviruses

EBV Hep B HTLV-1 HPV16+18

Causes of bloody diarrhoea

``` Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli Campylobacter jejuni/ coli, Shigella spp Clostridium difficile NOT viral or parasitic - except Entamoeba histolytica ```

What complications can leptospirosis cause

``` Meningism Renal failure Hepatomegally Jaundice Haemolytic anaemia Cardiac failure Arrhythmia ```

Complications of parvovirus

Erythema infectiosum Arthropathy Aplastic crisis in patients with chronic haemolytic anaemia Chronic infection in the immunocompromised Asymptomatic infection

What viral infections can cause arthropathy

``` Mumps Rubella Parvovirus B19 Hepatitis A, B,C HIV EBV ```

Organism responsible for cat scratch disease

Bartonella henslae

Organism responsible for Lyme disease

Borrellia burgdorferi

In whom does pseudomonas commonly occur

Neutropenic / immunosuppressed patients | E.g. Leukaemia / CF / diabetes / burns victims

Examples of alpha streptococci

Strep pneumoniae | Strep viridans