Paediatrics Flashcards
Evidence of bowel sounds in a neonate exam should make you consider which condition?
Diaphragmatic Hernia
What is the most common cause of disproportionate short stature?
Dwarfism
What is Achondroplasia?
Dwarfism
Which gene is affected in Achondroplasia?
Fibroblast Achondroplasia Receptor 3 on Chromosome 4
Achondroplasia is inherited in what form?
Autosomal Dominant (One Normal and One Abnormal Gene)
How does Achondroplasia commonly present? (7)
Short Stature (Rhizomelia)
Short Digits (Brachdactylyl)
Trident Hands
Lumbar Lordosis
Bow Legs (Genu Varum)
Foramen Magnum Stenosis
Frontal Bossing
Name common complications of Achondroplasia? (6)
Recurrent Otitis Media
Kyphoscoliosis
Spinal Stenosis
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Cervical Cord Compression Hydrocephalus
What bacteria causes Epiglottitis?
Haemophilus Influenza Type B
Can you vaccinate against Epiglottitis?
Yes - Haemophilus
How does Epiglottitis present? (6)
Unvaccinated
Fever
Sore Throat
Difficult Swallow
Sit Forward/Drool
Tripod Position Breathing
How to diagnose Acute Epiglottitis? (2)
Do not examine
X-Ray - Thumbprint Sign and Steeple Sign
Treatment of Acute Epiglottitis? (4)
Don’t Distress Child
Airway Secure
IV Antibiotics eg Ceftriaxone
Dexamethasone
What is the most common malignancy affecting children?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Peak Age Incidence of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
2-5 Years of Age Boys Slightly More Affected
Who are particularly at risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia? (5)
Siblings
Children with Downs
Kleinfelter, Fanconi Anaemia and Ataxia Teleangiectasia
Which chromosome is a prognostic marker of ALL?
Philadelphia Chromosome T (9,22)
Which translocation is commonly associated with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
T (12,21)
What are the main symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia) (6)
Anaemia
Easy Bruise
Petechiae
Infections
Bone Marrow
Lymphadenopathy
What are the main signs of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia? (5)
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Testicular Swelling
How to diagnose Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
Bone Marrow Aspirate and Blood Film - Blast Cells
Blast Cells are commonly associated with what childhood malignancy?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
How to Treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (3)
Chemotherapy
Methotrexate and Mercaptopurine
What are the three common complications of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia? (3)
CNS Involvement
Testicular Involvement
Neutropenic Sepsis
Name 5 Common Early Complications of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
Tumour Lysis Syndrome
Hair Loss
Mucosititis
Nephrotoxicity
Neutropenic Sepsis
Name 5 Common Late Complications of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia?
Cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Infertility
Growth Delay
Hypothyrodism
Mode of inheritance for Haemophilia A and B?
X Linked Recessive
A child presents with fever, conjunctivitis and being irritable. He has also developed a maculopapular rash which started behind ears before spreading and becoming blotchy & confluent what is wrong?
Measles
A 5-year-old child develops fever, cough and conjunctivtis. On examination the child is irritable and has a blanching erythematous rash on the face and upper chest. Small white spots can also be seen on the inside of the cheeks what is wrong?
Measles
