Cardiovascular Flashcards
Name the common features of Marfans?
Mitral Valve Prolapse/Stenosis
Aortic Dissection/Aneurysm
Retinal Detachment
Fibriollogen 1 Gene Mutation
Arm Span
Near Sighted
Scoliosis/Sublux Lens
Pectus Excavatum
Ventricular Septal Defect what kind of shunt is common? and will any cyanosis occur?
Left to Right Shunt
No Cyanosis
Ventricular Septal Defect what type of murmur will be heard?
Pansystolic ejection murmur
What happens if a Right to Left shunt occurs in Ventricular Septal Defect?
Cyanosis and Eisenmenger Syndrome21
What three conditions does Acute Coronary Syndrome include?
STEMI
NSTEMI
Unstable Angina
Name three unmodifiable risk factors for Acute Coronary Syndrome?
- Age
- Male
Family History
- Male
Name 5 modifiable risk factors for Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Hypercholesterolaemia
Obesity
If there are changes in V1-V4 on an ECG which part of the heart is affected?
Anterior - Left Ant Descending
If there are changes in II, III and AVF on eCG which part of heart is affected?
Inferior- Right Coronary
If there changes in I, V5-6 on ecg which part of heart is affected?
Lateral - Left Circumflex
What happens to Troponins in Unstable Angina?
No Cell Death = No Rise in Troponin
Aspirin is a potent inhibitor of what?
Platelet thromboxane A2 Production
How to treat ACS initially?
Morphine
Oxygen if Sats <94%
Nitrates
Aspirin
How to treat a STEMI? (3)
PCI <2 Hours
Aspirin and Clopidogrel or Prasugrel or Ticagrelor
Fibrinolysis
PCI for a STEMI has to be carried out within what time?
12 Hours
How to risk stratify for a NSTEMI?
Grace
What medication can be used for NSTEMI?
Fondaparinux (Antithrombin) 2.5mg
What antiplatelet should be used as secondary prevention for ACS? High Risk of Bleed
Clopidogrel
What antiplatelet should be used as secondary prevention for ACS? Low Risk of Bleed
Ticagrelor
How to work out prognosis for ACS?
Killip Class
What medication used for NSTEMI is selective inhibitor of Factor XA?
Fondaparinux
Alternative for STEMI when can’t get to cath lab within 2 hours?
Thrombolysis with Tenecteplase up to 12 hours
When can thrombolysis as an alternative for stemi treatment be used up to?
12 hours post symptom development
Name common risks of thrombolysis? (2)
Bleeding
Do not give if recent stroke/previous intracranial bleed
Severe Hypertension
What medication can be used in ACS as an alternative to Beta Blockers?
Calcium Channel Blockers
Name a common complication of ACS?
Dresslers Syndrome
How to diagnose and treat Dresslers?
Check ESR 1-3 Weeks Post and Treat with NSAIDS
Name the common symptoms of Acute Limb Ischemia? (6)
6 P’s
- Pale
- Pulseless
- Painful
- Paralysed
- Paraesthetic
- Perishing with Cold
How to diagnose Acute Limb Ischemia (2)
Doppler
Ankle Brachial Pressure index
How to treat Acute Limb Ischemia? (3)
Analgesia
IV Unfractioned Heparin
Surgical Embolectomy/Angioplasty
5 Major Risk Factors for Aneurysms?
Smoking
Hypertension
Syphillis
Ehler Danlos Type 1
Marfan
Who should be screened for Aortic Aneurysms?
Males Age 65 +
If someone has an Aorta of 3 to 4.4 Size when to rescan?
Every Year (Small)
If someone has an Aorta of 4.5 to 5.4 size when to rescan?
Every 3 Months (Medium)
If someone has an Aorta of >5.5 when to rescan?
Refer to Vascular surgery to be seen within 2 weeks
