Medications Flashcards
What can 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride be used for?
LUTS symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Mechanism of 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride
Reduce size of Prostate Gland
Inhibit 5a Reductase which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which stimulates prostate growth
Adverse effects of 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride? (4)
Impotence
Decreased Libido
Gynaecomastia
Breast Cancer
Name two 5a reductase inhibitors?
Finesteride
Dutasteride
What can Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors such as Donepezil and Rivastigmine be used for?
Mild to Moderate alzheimers
Name common adverse effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors such as Donepezil and Rivastigmine (5)
GI Upset
Bronchospasm
Peptic Ulcers
Bradycardia
Risk of Neuroleptic Malignant
Rivastigmine can worsen tremor in what condition?
Parkinsons
Name two acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
Donepezil and Rivastigmine
What is the antidote for Paracetamol Poisoning?
IV Acetylcysteine
What can aldosterone antagonists such as Spironolactone and Epeleronone be used for? (3)
Ascites and Oedema due to Liver Cirrhosis
Chronic Heart Failure
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
First line aldosterone antagonist for Ascites and Oedema due to Liver Cirrhosis?
Spirnolactone
Aldosterone is produced where?
Adrenal Cortex
What type of steroid is Aldosterone?
Mineralcorticoid
What does Aldosterone act on?
Mineralcorticoid receptors in distal tubules of kidney to increase activity of luminal epithelium sodium
Name important adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists such as Spirnolactone and Eplerenone? (3)
Hyperkalaemia
Gynaecomastia
Steven Johnson Syndrome
Aldosterone antagonists such as Spirnolactone and Eplerenone are contraindicated in what three conditions?
Severe Renal Impairment
Hyperkalaemia
Adrenal Insufficiency
Name two aldosterone antagonists?
Spirnolactone
Eplerenone
Alginates and Antacids such as Sodium Bicarbonate can be used in what conditions? (2)
Gord
Dyspepsia
How do antacids work?
Buffering stomach acid
How do alginates work?
Increase viscosity of stomach contents which reduces reflux of acid into oesophagus
What can Allopurinol be used for? (4)
Attacks of Gout
Prevention of Uric Acid and Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones
Prevent Hyperuricemia and Tumour Lysis Syndrome
What is Allopurinol?
Purine analogue that inhibits xanthine oxidase
Starting allopurinol in gout can cause what?
Triggered or worsening acute attack of Gout
How to prevent trigger/worsening of gout when starting Allopurinol?
Use with NSAID or Colchichine
Most common side effect of Allopurinol
Skin Rash
Alpha blockers such as Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin can be used first line when?
Improve LUTS symptoms in BPH
Alpha Blockers such as Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin can be used when? (2)
First Line for LUTS in BPH
Resistant Hypertension
Mechanism of Action for Alpha Blockers?
Vasodilation and Fall in BP
Name three alpha blockers?
Tamsulosin
Doxazosin
Alfuzosin
Name two common systemic aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin and Neomycin
Uses for systemic aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin and Neomycin (4)
Sepsis
Pyelonephritis and Complicated UTI
Intrabado Infection
Endocarditis
Systemic aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin and Neomycin can cause what side effects? (2)
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Name two aminosalicylates?
Mesalazine and Sulfasalazine
Aminosalicylates such as Mesalazine and Sulfasalazine are commonly used first line when?
Mild-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis
Sulfasalazine can be used for what condition?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Amiodarone can be used for what conditions? (4)
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia
Local anaesthetic mechanism?
Reversibly inhibit voltage gated sodium channels
