Medications

Question 1

What can 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride be used for?

Answer 1

LUTS symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Question 2

Mechanism of 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride

Answer 2

Reduce size of Prostate Gland
Inhibit 5a Reductase which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which stimulates prostate growth

Question 3

Adverse effects of 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride? (4)

Answer 3

Impotence
Decreased Libido
Gynaecomastia
Breast Cancer

Question 4

Name two 5a reductase inhibitors?

Answer 4

Finesteride
Dutasteride

Question 5

What can Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors such as Donepezil and Rivastigmine be used for?

Answer 5

Mild to Moderate alzheimers

Question 6

Name common adverse effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors such as Donepezil and Rivastigmine (5)

Answer 6

GI Upset
Bronchospasm
Peptic Ulcers
Bradycardia
Risk of Neuroleptic Malignant

Question 7

Rivastigmine can worsen tremor in what condition?

Answer 7

Parkinsons

Question 8

Name two acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 8

Donepezil and Rivastigmine

Question 9

What is the antidote for Paracetamol Poisoning?

Answer 9

IV Acetylcysteine

Question 10

What can aldosterone antagonists such as Spironolactone and Epeleronone be used for? (3)

Answer 10

Ascites and Oedema due to Liver Cirrhosis
Chronic Heart Failure
Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Question 11

First line aldosterone antagonist for Ascites and Oedema due to Liver Cirrhosis?

Answer 11

Spirnolactone

Question 12

Aldosterone is produced where?

Answer 12

Adrenal Cortex

Question 13

What type of steroid is Aldosterone?

Answer 13

Mineralcorticoid

Question 14

What does Aldosterone act on?

Answer 14

Mineralcorticoid receptors in distal tubules of kidney to increase activity of luminal epithelium sodium

Question 15

Name important adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists such as Spirnolactone and Eplerenone? (3)

Answer 15

Hyperkalaemia
Gynaecomastia
Steven Johnson Syndrome

Question 16

Aldosterone antagonists such as Spirnolactone and Eplerenone are contraindicated in what three conditions?

Answer 16

Severe Renal Impairment
Hyperkalaemia
Adrenal Insufficiency

Question 17

Name two aldosterone antagonists?

Answer 17

Spirnolactone
Eplerenone

Question 18

Alginates and Antacids such as Sodium Bicarbonate can be used in what conditions? (2)

Answer 18

Gord
Dyspepsia

Question 19

How do antacids work?

Answer 19

Buffering stomach acid

Question 20

How do alginates work?

Answer 20

Increase viscosity of stomach contents which reduces reflux of acid into oesophagus

Question 21

What can Allopurinol be used for? (4)

Answer 21

Attacks of Gout
Prevention of Uric Acid and Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones
Prevent Hyperuricemia and Tumour Lysis Syndrome

Question 22

What is Allopurinol?

Answer 22

Purine analogue that inhibits xanthine oxidase

Question 23

Starting allopurinol in gout can cause what?

Answer 23

Triggered or worsening acute attack of Gout

Question 24

How to prevent trigger/worsening of gout when starting Allopurinol?

Answer 24

Use with NSAID or Colchichine

Question 25

Most common side effect of Allopurinol

Answer 25

Skin Rash

Question 26

Alpha blockers such as Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin can be used first line when?

Answer 26

Improve LUTS symptoms in BPH

Question 27

Alpha Blockers such as Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin can be used when? (2)

Answer 27

First Line for LUTS in BPH Resistant Hypertension

Question 28

Mechanism of Action for Alpha Blockers?

Answer 28

Vasodilation and Fall in BP

Question 29

Name three alpha blockers?

Answer 29

Tamsulosin Doxazosin Alfuzosin

Question 30

Name two common systemic aminoglycosides?

Answer 30

Gentamicin and Neomycin

Question 31

Uses for systemic aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin and Neomycin (4)

Answer 31

Sepsis Pyelonephritis and Complicated UTI Intrabado Infection Endocarditis

Question 32

Systemic aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin and Neomycin can cause what side effects? (2)

Answer 32

Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity

Question 33

Name two aminosalicylates?

Answer 33

Mesalazine and Sulfasalazine

Question 34

Aminosalicylates such as Mesalazine and Sulfasalazine are commonly used first line when?

Answer 34

Mild-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis

Question 35

Sulfasalazine can be used for what condition?

Answer 35

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 36

Amiodarone can be used for what conditions? (4)

Answer 36

Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Supraventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Tachycardia

Question 37

Local anaesthetic mechanism?

Answer 37

Reversibly inhibit voltage gated sodium channels