Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3a > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is redcurrant jelly like stool associated with?

A

Intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Intussusception and what would you see in a positive test?

A

Abdominal USS - should show target-like mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the key diagnostic investigation in pyloric stenosis?

A

Abdominal ultrasound scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hand foot and mouth disease (Coxsackie A16) characterised by?

A

mild systemic upset, oral ulcers followed by vesicles on the palms and soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Low calcium, low phosphate , high ALP and high PTH are signs of what?

A

Rickets - can present as widening of wrist joints and prominent forehead (frontal bossing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compression:Ventilation ratio in Paediatric life support?

A

30:2 if solo
15:2 if 2 or more responders present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common form of visual impairment in babies delivered under 32 weeks gestation?

A

Retinopathy of prematurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of ITP in children?

A

-Bruising
-Petechial or purpuric rash
-Bleeding is less common (Gums or nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Investigations for ITP?

A

FBC - should show isolated thrombocytopenia
Blood film
Bone marrow exams if there is atypical features e.g. lymph nodes, splenomegaly, failure to resolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and alkalosis are classic of what condition?

A

Pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neonatal hypotonia is associated with?

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

First-line treatment for eczema?

A

Topical emollients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for viral-induced wheeze?

A

First-line - SABA e.g. salbutamol
Next step is oral montelukast or inhaled corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of CMPA?

A

Regurgitation/Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Urticaria/atopic eczema
Colic - irritable, crying
Wheeze/cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of CMPA if formula fed?

A

extensive hydrolysed formula (eHF), amino acid formula (AAF) in severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of CMPA if breastfed?

A

Continue breastfeeding
Eliminate cows milk protein from mothers diet
Use eHF from when breastfeeding stops to 12 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Management of rickets?

A

Oral vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Severe asthma attack criteria?

A

Sats < 92%
PEF 33-55% best/predicted
Too breathless to talk/feed
HR of over 125 in older than 5, over 140 in 1-5
Resp rate more than 30 in older than 5, over 40 in 1-5
Use of accessory neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Life-threatening asthma attack criteria?

A

Sats < 92%
PEF < 33% best/predicted
Silent chest
Poor resp effort
Agitation
Altered consciousness
Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Signs of intestinal malrotation/volvulus?

A

Distended abdomen
Bilious vomiting
Slow to establish on feeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Investigation for malrotation/volvulus?

A

Upper GI contrast study
Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When should referral be made for unilateral undescended testis?

A

After 3 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis (Ejection systolic murmur, left sternal edge)
Overriding aorta
VSD
(Cyanosis or collapse in first month of life, hypercyanotic spells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

High risk factors in feverish child?

A

Pale/mottled/blue skin
Weak, high pitched cry, no response to social cues
Grunting, RR> 60, chest indrawing
Reduced skin turgor
Age < 3 months with temp over 38
Non-blanching rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Medium risk factors in feverish child?
Pallor No smile, decreased activity Nasal flaring, RR>50, Sats < 95%, chest crackles Tachycardia, CRT > 3 seconds, dry mucous membranes Fever more than 5 days, rigors, swelling of limb or joint
26
Late complication of trisomy 21?
Alzheimer's disease
27
Main causative organism of croup?
Parainfluenza virus
28
First line treatment of threadworm?
Single dose of mebendazole for whole household and hygiene advice
29
Associations of hirschsprung's disease?
3x more common in males Down's syndrome
30
Presentation of Hirschsprung's disease?
Neonatal - failure or delay to pass meconium Older - constipation, abdo distension
31
Investigations for hirschsprung's?
Abdo X-ray Gold standard is rectal biopsy which would show absence of ganglion cells in submucosa
32
Management for Hirschsprung's?
Rectal washouts/ bowel irrigation initially, followed by surgery to affected segment of colon for definitive management.
33
What season is bronchiolitis most common?
Winter
34
Most common cause of bronchiolitis?
RSV
35
Management of CF?
Regular chest physio and postural drainage High calorie diet with high fat intake Minimise contact with other CF patients Vitamins Pancreatic enzyme taken with meals CFTR modulators e.g. Lumacaftor can be used in patients who are homozygous for delta F508 mutation
36
Investigation in suspected SUFE?
Plain X-ray both hips with AP and frog-leg views
37
Apgar score meaning?
7-9 normal ( 10 unusual as normally lose a point for blue extremities) 4-6 moderately low 0-3 - very low
38
What is Ladd's procedure for?
Surgical treatment of intestinal malrotation with volvulus
39
Treatment for pyloric stenosis?
Pyloromyotomy - usually laparoscopic
40
Treatment for scarlet fever?
Oral penicillin V for 10 days
41
When can a child safely return to school after scarlet fever?
24 hours after starting antibiotics
42
Elevation of the testicle relieves pain in?
Epididymitis
43
Short stature + primary amenorrhoea = ?
Turners syndrome
44
What should you not use in children under 3 months in treating bacterial meningitis?
Corticosteroids
45
What virus causes Roseola infantum?
Herpes virus 6
46
Meconium should be passed by?
48 hours of birth - red flag if more (CF, Hirschsprung's)
47
Most common cause of painless massive GI bleed requiring transfusion in children aged 1-2?
Meckel's diverticulum
48
How to correct age for prematurity?
Age minus number of weeks born early from 40 weeks
49
What oral antibiotic should be used to treat mycoplasma pneumonia in children?
macrolides e.g. erythromycin.
50
Features of oligoarticular JIA?
Pain and swelling in joints (Knees, ankles, elbows) Worse in mornings Limp ANA may be +ve
51
First line treatment in PDA?
Indomethacin or ibuprofen - to promote duct closure
52
NSAIDs increase the risk of what in chickenpox?
Necrotising fasciitis
53
Management of croup?
Single dose oral dexamethasone at 0.15mg/kg In emergency/severe - high flow O2 and nebulised adrenaline
54
Features in child with maternal Syphillis infection?
-Snotty (rhinitis) -Saddle shaped nose -Sensorineural hearing loss, -Small and spaced teeth -Swollen liver/spleen -Swollen lymph nodes
55
What conditions are commonly associated with Down's syndrome?
Heart defects - usually repairable Visual problems - cataracts Hearing loss Hypothyroidism Hypotonia - developmental motor delay Leukaemia Easily disclocated neck - especially in those that do certain sports
56
Features of Noonan syndrome?
Webbed neck Pectus excavatum Short stature Pulmonary stenosis - mid-systolic high pitched crescendo-decrescendo heard at upper left sternal edge
56
Features of edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)?
Micrognathia Low-set ears Rocker bottom feet Overlapping of fingers
57
Features of Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)?
Microcephalic, small eyes Cleft lip/palate Polydactyly Scalp lesions
58
Features of fragile X syndrome?
Learning difficulties Macrocepaly Long face Large ears Macro-orchidism
59
Severity of alpha-thalassaemia?
1 - 2 globulin chains affected - hypochromic and microcytic but Hb level normal 3 chains - + anaemia and splenomegaly (Hb H disease) 4 chains - death in-utero (Hydrops fetalis)
60
Classic triad of shaken baby syndrome?
Retinal haemorrhages Subdural haematoma Encephalopathy
61
Features of PDA?
Left subclavicular thrill Continuous 'machinery' murmur Large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse Wide pulse pressure Heaving apex beat
62
Paediatric maintenance fluid requirements?
100ml for first 10kg 50ml for next 10kg 20ml for each kg above 20 Divide by 24 to calculate infusion rate per hour
63
What should be given before surgery in transposition of the great arteries?
Alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) - maintains PDA in cyanotic congenital heart diseases
64
Benign cause of stridor/noisy breathing?
Laryngomalacia - usually self resolves by 2 years of age`
65
Signs of congenital Rubella syndrome?
Sensorineural deafness Congenital cataracts - absent fundal/red reflexes bilaterally
66
Signs of congenital CMV?
Hearing loss Low birth weight Petechial rash Microcephaly Seizures
67
First-line investigation for Duchenne?
Genetic testing
68
Most common cause of early onset neonatal sepsis (within first 72 hours)
Group B Strep (Agalactiae)
69
What cardiac abnormality can be caused by lithium use in pregnancy?
Ebstein's anomaly (tricuspic regurgitation and stenosis)
70
First-line laxative for constipation in children?
Movicol ( Osmotic - Real name is macrogol)
71
What is the medical term for growing pains?
Benign idiopathic nocturnal limb pains of childhood
72
Features of benign rolandic epilepsy?
Partial seizures at night
73
What is gas in the intestines a sign of ?
Necrotising enterocolitis
74
Initial management for transposition of great arteries?
Prostaglandins
75
Edward's syndrome quadruple test result?
Lowered AFP, Oestriol ,hCG Normal Inhibin A
76
First line investigation for meckel's diverticulum?
Technetium scan
77
Whooping Cough Treatment?
Azithrommycin/Clarithromycin if within 21 days of onset of cough
78
What are undescended testicles associated with?
Testicular torsion Testicular cancer Infertility
79
What heart defects are associated with Turners syndrome?
Ejection systolic murmur most common - bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of the aorta
80
Triad of shaken baby syndrome?
Retinal haemorrhages Subdural haematoma Encephalopathy
81
What treatment should be given in suspected Nec?
Broad spectrum antibiotics
82
Peak incidence of ALL?
2-5 years

3a (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions