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HYMS FINALS REVISION > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

4 cyanotic heart defects

which one is most common

A
  • Tetralogy of Fallot (MOST COMMON)
  • Transposition of great arteries
  • Tricuspid Valve Atresia
  • Persistent Trunkus Arteriosus
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2
Q

Shunt in cyanotic heart defects. Consequence of this

A

R to L

deoxygenated blood enters systemic circulation

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3
Q

4 Acyanotic heart defects

A

VSD
ASD
PFO
PDA

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4
Q

Shunt in Acyanotic heart defects. Consequence of this

A

L to R

Oxygenated blood shunted back to pulmonary circulation; causes R sided hypertrophy and pulmonary HTN

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5
Q

Name the 4 duct dependent abnormalities.

What is used to manage these once recognised?

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great arteries
Tricuspid Valve atresia
Persistent Trunkus Arteriosus

Prostaglandin infusion

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6
Q

Describe the tetrad of defects in tetralogy of fallot

A
  • pulmonary stenosis
  • RV hypertrophy
  • VSD
  • overriding aorta
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7
Q

Name 3 clinical features of tetralogy of fallot

A

cyanotic episodes
harsh systolic murmur
squatting/hip extension during cyanotic episodes

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8
Q

What is tricuspid valve atresia?

A

absent/rudimentary tricuspid valve - no blood flow between RA and RV

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9
Q

4 intrauterine risk factors for transposition of the great arteries

A
  • diabetic mother
  • maternal alcohol consumption
  • maternal age >40
  • rubella infection
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10
Q

What is persistent trunkus arteriosus?

A

failed separation of aorta and pulmonary artery - single trunk receives output from both ventricles

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11
Q

Describe clinical features of persistent trunkus arteriosus

A
  • cyanotic episodes
  • fx of heart failure
  • bounding peripheral pulses
  • harsh systolic murmur at lower left sternal edge
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12
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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13
Q

Name 3 risk factors for ventricular septal defects

A
  • Downs Syndrome/genetic syndromes
  • TORCH infection
  • maternal diabetes/obesity/smoking
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14
Q

Which 2 congential heart defects can be asymptomatic?

A
  • ASD

- PFO

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A
  • bounding peripheral pulses

- continuous machinery murmur

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16
Q

Name some risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus

A
  • prematurity
  • rubella infection
  • alcohol
  • phenytoin
  • prostaglangins
  • respiratory distress syndrome
  • trisomies
17
Q

How is patent ductus arteriosus managed?

A

Indomethacin

18
Q

Which congenital syndromes are associated with hypotonia at birth?

A

Prader Willi syndrome

Down’s Syndrome

19
Q

Name a metabolic complication of William’s syndrome

A

hypercalcaemia

20
Q

Name the congenital syndrome that presents with:

  • microcephaly
  • cleft palate
  • polydactyly
  • scalp lesions
A

Patau

HYMS FINALS REVISION (9 decks)

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