Paediatric Trauma Flashcards
What are the risk factors for trauma?
Boys Age Increased physeal injury with age Prev fracture Metabolic bone disease
What are the children’s fracture principles?
- children’s fractures are often simple, incomplete and heal quickly - fixation not usually req., don’t over immobilise
- remodel well in the joint movement
- a thick periosteal hinge is usually a friend
- fractures involving physes can result in deformity
Why do kids fractures heal better?
Metabolically active periosteum
What are e.g.s of forearm fractures?
Shaft fractures
Galeazzi
Monteggia
Distal radial fractures
Galeazzi fracture
Fracture of distal third of radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
Monteggia fracture
Fracture of proximal or middle third of ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head
Forearm accounts for what % of paed fractures?
25-50%
What are the low energy fractures that can occur in the forearm?
Buckle
Greenstick
What are the high energy fractures that can occur in the forearm?
Open
Displaced
Soft tissue injury
What are complications of the forearm fractures?
Compartment syndrome 5% refracture/non-union Fusion of radius and ulnar (radioulnar synostosis) PIN injury Superficial radial nerve injury
What is a buckle/torus fracture?
Failure of 1 cortex in compression
What is a greenstick fracture?
Failure of 1 cortex in compression, other cortex in extension
How do you Mx a buckle fracture?
Cast 3-4w
How do you manage a greenstick fracture?
Cast 4-6w
How do you manage a complete fracture?
Cast +/- KW 6wk
