Paediatric Surgery

Question 1

What are 4 differentials for acute scrotal pain?

Answer 1

1) Testicular torsion
2) Trauma
3) Epididymo-orchitis
4) Acute hydrocele
5) Idiopathic sacral oedema

Question 2

What are the main S/S of TT?

Answer 2

1) Severe constant pain
2) Sudden onset pain
3) Vomiting
4) Tenderness
5) Swelling
6) Redness

Question 3

What age group is TT most common?

Answer 3

1) Neonates
2) Peri-pubertal

Question 4

What is hypospadias?

Answer 4

When the urethral opening is on the under side of the penis

Question 5

What are 2 DD for groin swelling?

Answer 5

1) Inguinal hernia
2) Hydrocele

Question 6

What are 3 signs of inguinal hernia?

Answer 6

1) Reducible
2) Can’t get above it
3) Indirect
(Needs surgical repair)

Question 7

What are the main signs of hydrocele?

Answer 7

1) Confined to scrotum
2) Can get above it
3) Should resolve by 2 YO
4) non-reducible

Question 8

What is the hydatid?

Answer 8

The ‘appendix of the testicle’ - it is an embryological remnant of the Mullerian duct.

Question 9

What are DD for head and neck lumps?

Answer 9

1) Lymphadenopathy
2) Thyroglossal cyst
3) Goitre
4) Malignancy
5) Branchial arch remnants
6) Dermoid cysts

Question 10

What are the red flag signs for head/neck lumps in children?

Answer 10

> 2cm for >2w and enlarging

Question 11

What are causes of bilious vomiting?

Answer 11

Volvulus.
Hirschsprung’s.
Necrotising enterocolitis.
Intussusception.
Bowel obstruction.
Strangulated hernia.
Adhesions.

Question 12

What analgesia is appropriate for a paeds fracture?

Answer 12

Paracetamol.
Oromorph