Autism/ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epidemiology of ADHD?

A

5% school age children M:F = 4:1

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2
Q

What is the aetiology and core behaviours of ADHD?

A

Aetiology: CNS insults (FAS/Premature), Genetic/Environmental, Neuroanatomical/neurochemical
CB: Hyperactivity, Inattention, Impulsivity (HII)

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3
Q

What are the main signs of hyperactivity?

A

1) Can’t stay seated
2) Noisy
3) Talkative
4) Fidgety

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4
Q

What are the main signs of impulsivity?

A

1) Interrupts
2) blurts out answers
3) pregnancy/drug use when older
4) difficulty waiting turns

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5
Q

What are main signs of inattention?

A

1) Forgetful
2) Not listening
3) Mind wandering
4) easily distracted
5) organisational problems/difficulty at school

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6
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD?

A

6/9 inattention symptoms + 6/9 hyperactivity/impulsivity
- Symptoms present before 12 and occur in more than one place/primary setting
- Clear evidence symptoms interfere with social/academic function

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7
Q

What tools are used to diagnose ADHD?

A

1) Questionaires (SNAP)
2) Quantitative behavioural analysis (QB)
3) ADHD nurse classroom observation
4) Clinical Interview (RF’s for ADHD)

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8
Q

What is the treatment for ADHD?

A

1) Education
2) parenting programmes/school support
3) Mediations e.g. methylphenidate

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9
Q

Why should a cardiac assessment be done before prescribing medications to a child with ADHD?

A

Some medications can affect HR and BP so important to do cardiac assessment

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10
Q

What is the epidemiology and signs of Autism (ASD)?

A

1% prevalence, boys>girls
- Communication problems
- Social interaction difficulties
- Social imagination difficulties
- Sensory issues

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11
Q

What communication problems might a child with ASD show?

A

1) Find non-verbal communication challenging
2) Lack of desire to communicate
3) only communicate their needs
4) don’t understand jokes –> v literal

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12
Q

What social interactions may a child with ASD show?

A

1) overly friendly/shy
2) Struggles to understand social roles
3) Often no desire to interact with others
4) Touches inappropriately –> Plays alone, poor eye contact, hard to take turns

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13
Q

What social imagination problems may a child with ASD show?

A

1) Struggle with change
2) Obsession/rituals
3) Repetitive with play
4) Can’t play/write imaginatively

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