Paediatric Pathologies

Question 1

What are some musculoskeletal (MSK) Pathologies?

Answer 1

Developmental Dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
Perthes Disease- 8y/o male
Slipped upper femoral epihysis (SUFE)
Salter - Harris type V
Salter - Harris (SH) classification (type 1-5)
Buckle (torus) # and Greenstick #
Toddlers fracture 1-2 years
Supracondylar fracture distal humerus - 4-8 years
Primary ossification in the wrist (8)

Question 2

What is bone age?

Answer 2

It is a method used to assess skeletal maturity in certain growth/ puberty disorders
It measures the date at which carpal bones ossify as it varies, however it is a means of estimating bone (skeletal age)

Question 3

What are some growth disorders?

Answer 3

Bone Dysplasia (short stature)
Acromegaly
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Endocrine pathology (short stature)

Question 4

Where are the primary ossification centres in the wrist?

Answer 4

Capitate - 2/12
Hamate - 3/12
Triquetral - 3 years
Lunate - 4 years
Scaphoid - 4-5 years
Trapezium - 4-5 years
Trapezoid - 4-5 years
Pisiform - 9-12 years

Question 5

What are the different types of ossification in the elbow?

Answer 5

Capitellum (2m-2y)
Radial head (3-6y)
Internal (medial) epicondyle (4-7y)
Trochlea (8-10y)
Olecranon (8-10y)
Lateral epicondyle (10-13y)

CRITOL

Question 6

What is a buckle fracture?

Answer 6

Tent like appearance on the bone, it does not cause a break in the bone, it only affects one side of the cortext and no form of splintering

One side of the bone bends without breaking the other

Question 7

What is a Greenstick fracture?

Answer 7

Often a Partial fracture, sometimes won’t see much of Sign in the opposite Cortext, Causes a bending appearance on the bone

Question 8

What are the different types of salter harris classification?

Answer 8

Ephiseal sites, happens close to Joints on long bones

Type I - Physis fracture ( straight horizontal Line through the Metaphasis)
Type 2 - Metaphysics and physis fracture ( straight line to the Center then a diagonal line upwards )
Type 3 - Epiphysis and physis fracture ( shaped like a 7 )
Type 4 - Epiphysis to metaphysis fracture ( slight diagonal line down to the end of the shaft)
Type 5 - Crush fracture

Question 9

What is the prevalence and aetiology of a Slipped upper femoral epiphysis ( SUFE)?

Answer 9

M: F = 3: I
M present later (13-16 years) than F (11-14years)
~ 60% bilaterally

Aetiology
unknown but obesity Significant risk factor history of trauma i