Paediatric Orthopaedics Flashcards
What type of knees do children at birth normally have?
varus knees (bow legs)
At what age to varus knees become naturally aligned?
around 14 months
What does a valgus deformity look like?
knock knee
When is the abnormality of intoeing normally exaggerated?
running
What can give the appearance of in toeing?
excess femoral neck anteversion
Are flat feet normal?
yes, part of normal variation
Flat feet can be mobile or fixed, which test determines this?
Jack test
What type of flat feet is abnormal and why?
fixed, rigid
underlying bone abnormality (tarsal coalition)
Which toe is most commonly affected in curly toe?
fifth
What is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
dislocation or subluxation of femoral head during perinatal period affecting hip joint development
Is DDH more common in boys or girls?
girls
Is DDH more common in left or right hip?
left
If untreated, what is the acetabulum like in DDH?
shallow
What are signs of DDH?
shortening, assymetrical skin creases at groin, click or clunk on maneuvres
Name the commonest cause of hip pain in childhood.
Transient synovitis
What is transient synovitis?
inflammation of synovium of joint - most commonly hip
When does transient synovitis tend to occur?
2-10 yrs
Are boys more commonly affected or girls in transient synovitis?
boys
What is Perthes Disease?
osteochondritis of femoral head, more common in boys
What do affected children present with in Perthes Disease?
pain and limp, mostly unilateral
What is SUFE?
slipped upper femoral epiphysis, mainly affects overweight pre pubertal adolescent boys
What is the predominant clinical sign of SUFE?
loss of internal rotation of hip
Treatment of SUFE?
urgent surgery to pin femoral head (to prevent further slippage)
What is Jumper’s knee?
patellar tendonitis
Most often adolescent knee pain is self limiting, what may be needed if pain is resistant?
surgery to shift forces on the patella
What is clubfoot?
Talipes Equinovarus - congenital foot deformity. treatable with early splintage (ponseti technique)
Hallux valgus can occur when?
often in late teens, has strong family history
