Paediatric oncology

Question 1

describe the four types of cancer most commonly seen in <5s

Answer 1

non-hodgkins lymphoma
neuroblastoma
wilms tumour
retinoblastoma

Question 2

what are the two most common cancers seen in adolescents

Answer 2

Hodgkins lymphoma

bone and soft tissue

Question 3

what clinical features are associated with a neuroblastoma

Answer 3

signs of metastatic disease
large liver, skin nodules

raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymoses, bone lesions on scans)

Question 4

what investigations should you do in neuroblastoma

Answer 4

urinary catecholamines (raised)
AXR (calcification)
biopsy

Question 5

what are the two most common sites of neuroblastoma

Answer 5

adrenals

paraspinal sympaethic tissue

Question 6

what clinical features might you see in retinoblastoma

Answer 6

loss of red reflex
stabismus
visual problems

Question 7

what genetic anomaly is seen in retinoblastoma

Answer 7

loss of function of TSG on chromosome 13

Question 8

what mode of inheritance is seen in retinoblastoma

Answer 8

autosomal dominant

Question 9

what is the prognosis of retinoblastoma

Answer 9

good, >90% survive into adulthood