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Orthopaedics > Paediatric Lower Limb Problems > Flashcards

Paediatric Lower Limb Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is jumper’s knee?

A

Patellar tendonitis

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2
Q

What is apophysitis?

A

Inflammation of a growing tubercle where a tendon attaches due to repetitive strain

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3
Q

What is the name for apophysitis at the tibial tubercle?

A

Osgood-Schlatters

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4
Q

What is the name for apophysitis at the inferior pole of the patella?

A

Sinding-Larsen-Johanssen

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5
Q

What is the management for paediatric extensor mechanism problems (patellar tendonitis, apophysitis)?

A

Self limiting –> rest +/- physio

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6
Q

What is the likely cause of anterior knee pain in children?

A

Patellofemoral dysfunction

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7
Q

Who gets patellofemoral dysfunction?

A

Adolescent girls

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8
Q

What is the management of patellofemoral dysfunction?

A

Physio to rebalance muscles

- majority self-limiting and grow out of it

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9
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Osteochondritis with a fragment of cartilage +/- bone broken off in the joint

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10
Q

What is the most common location for osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Knee - medial femoral condyle

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11
Q

What are the clinical features of osteochondritis dissecans?

A 
Poorly localised pain
Effusion
\+/- locking due to loose bodies within joint
Pot hole on surface of joint
Risk of OA
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12
Q

Which imaging should be done for suspected osteochondritis dissecans?

A

MRI

difficult to see on xray

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13
Q

What is the proper name for clubfoot?

A

Talipes equinovarus

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14
Q

What causes talipes equinovarus?

A

Congenital deformity of foot

Due to in utero abnormal alignment of joints between talus, calcaneous + navicular

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for talipes equinovarus?

A 
Male
Family history
Breech presentation
Oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid)
Other skeletal dysplasia
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16
Q

What are the clinical features of talipes equinovarus?

A 
Contractors of soft tissues --> deformity
- ankle equinus (plantar flexion)
- supination of forefoot
- varus alignment of forefoot 
Not immediately correctable
17
Q

What is the management of talipes equinovarus?

A

Early diagnosis + splint age with Ponseti technique

  • commenced asap after birth
  • staged correction of deformity with plaster casts
  • usually require Achilles tenotomy
  • once corrected, has to wear a brace until age 3-4
18
Q

What is the result of a late presenting talipes eqinovarus?

A

Fixed deformity with child walking on outside of foot
Very difficult to correct –> extensive surgery
Rare in modern healthcare systems

Orthopaedics (18 decks)

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