Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 Paediatrics > Paediatric Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Paediatric Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

When to stop antibiotics in neonatal sepsis

A

Abx for 5 - 7 days

Consider stopping if low suspicion of sepsis, patient is well, blood culture is negative and 2 CRP results are negative at 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathophysiology of meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges due to:

  • Neisseria meningitidis - gram negative diplococci
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Group B streptococcus - neonates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Presentation of meningococcal sepsis

A 
Fever 
Headache 
Photophobia 
Neck stiffness 
Vomiting and nausea 
Seizures 
Altered consiousness 
Non blanching rash - late sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presentation of meningococcal sepsis in neonates

A 
Bulging fontanelles
Hypotonia 
Reduced feeding 
Lethargy 
Hypothermia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When should a lumbar puncture be performed

A
  • Under 1 month old presenting with fever
  • 1 - 3 months with fever and unwell
  • Under 1 year with unexplained fever and red flag features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Special tests for meningeal irritation

A

Kernigs test - flex hip and knee to 90 degrees then straighten knee

Brudzinski’s test - lying on back and flex neck causes involuntary flexion of the hips and knees q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Community management of meningococcal sepsis

A

Urgent stat injection of IV/IM benzylpenicillin prior to transfer to hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hospital management of meningococcal sepsis

A

Sepsis 6 protocol
Lumbar puncture - CSF PCR

Under 3 months - cefotaxime and amoxicillin
Above 3 months - ceftriaxone

Dexamethasone qds for 4 days if > 3 months and positive lumbar puncture

Notify Public Health England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antibiotic for pneumococcal sepsis

A

Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why give dexamethasone for treatment of meningitis

A

Decreases the risk of hearing loss and neurological damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis for contacts of meningitis patients

A

If within 7 days of the patient contracting the disease, one dose of ciprofloxacin should be given to close contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Viral causes of meningitis

A

Herpes simplex virus
Enterovirus
Varicella zoster virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of viral meningitis

A

IV Acyclovir for HSV or varicella zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacterial lumbar puncture

A 
Appearance - cloudy 
Protein - high
Glucose - low 
WCC - high (neutrophilic)
Culture - bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Viral lumbar puncture

A 
Appearance - clear 
Protein - normal 
Glucose - normal 
WCC - high (lymphocytic)
Culture - negative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complications of meningitis

A 
Hearing loss 
Seizures 
Cognitive impairment 
Memory loss 
Cerebral palsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathophysiology of encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain due to infection, autoimmune causes or toxins

18
Q

Infective causes of encephalitis

A 
Herpes simplex virus - cold sores or genital lumps 
Varicella zoster - chicken pox 
CMV - immunodeficiency 
Epstein Barr virus 
Enterovirus 
Adenovirus 
Influenza virus
19
Q

Presentation of encephalitis

A 
Altered consciousness and cognition
Unusual behaviour
Focal neurological symptoms 
Seizures 
Fever
20
Q

Diagnosis of encephalitis

A 
Lumbar puncture - CSF PCR 
CT scan if LP contraindicated
MRI scan 
EEG 
Swabs - throat 
HIV testing
21
Q

Contraindications for a lumbar puncture

A

GCS < 9
Haemodynamically unstable
Active seizures
Post ictal

22
Q

Management of encephalitis

A

IV acyclovir empirically, before confirming encephalitis

IV acyclovir - HSV, VZV
IV Gancicyclovir - CMV

Repeat lumbar puncture after antiviral course to check success

23
Q

Complications of encephalitis

A 
Lasting fatigue and prolonged recovery 
Changes in personality and mood
Changes in memory and cognition 
Learning disability 
Headaches 
Chronic pain 
Movement disorders 
Sensory disturbance 
Seizures 
Hormonal imbalance
24
Q

Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) pathophysiology

A

Infection with EBV spread by saliva which causes fever, sore throat and fatigue

25
Q

Presentation of glandular fever

A 
Fever 
Sore throat 
Fatigue 
Lymphadenopathy 
Tonsillar enlargement 
Splenomegaly - splenic rupture
26
Q

Sore throat and itchy rash after taking amoxicillin

A

Glandular fever

27
Q

Testing for glandular fever

A

Monospot test - patient’s RBCs introduced to horses RBCs and causes a reaction

28
Q

Management of glandular fever

A

Self limiting, lasts 2 - 3 weeks but can cause fatigue for months

29
Q

Complications of glandular fever

A 
Splenic rupture 
Glomerulonephritis 
Haemolytic anaemia 
Thrombocytopenia 
Chronic fatigue
30
Q

Which cancer is EBV associated with

A

Burkitts lymphoma

31
Q

Mumps pathophysiology

A

Viral infection spread by respiratory droplets causing parotid swelling

32
Q

Incubation period of mumps

A

14 -25 days

33
Q

Management of mumps

A

Self limiting, lasts 1 week

Supportive - analgesia, rest and fluids

Notify Public Health England

34
Q

Presentation of mumps

A 
Fever
Parotid swelling 
Muscle aches and lethargy 
Reduced appetite
Headache
Dry mouth
35
Q

Complications of mumps

A

Abdominal pain - pancreatitis
Testicular pain and swelling - orchitis
Confusion, neck stiffness and headache - meningitis or encephalitis
Sensorineural hearing loss

36
Q

Diagnosing mumps

A

PCR of saliva

37
Q

Preventing HIV in babies

A

Caesarean if viral load is > 50 copies/ml
IV zidovudine during caesarean if > 10000 copies/ml

Low risk baby - zidovudine for 4 weeks
High risk baby - zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine for 4 weeks

Avoid breastfeeding

38
Q

When to test babies who have HIV postive patients

A

HIV viral load test at 3 months

HIV antibody test at 24 months

Can be false positive up to 18 months due to maternal antibodies that have crossed the placenta

39
Q

Management of paediatric HIV

A

Specialist paediatric HIV doctor and MDT

  • antiretroviral therapy
  • Childhood vaccines but delay live attenuated vaccines if immunocompromised
  • prophylactic co - trimoxazole - prevent pneumocystis jirovecci
40
Q

Management of babies who have mothers that have hep C

A

Tested at 18 months using the Hep C antibody test

Can breastfeed unless nipples crack or bleed, then temporarily stop

Tx: Pegylated interferon and ribavirin - delayed until adulthood unless significantly affected

Year 4 Paediatrics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions